空气压缩系统节能控制与实验台开发

发布时间：2018-03-20 18:45

本文选题：空气压缩系统　切入点：建模　出处：《杭州电子科技大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：压缩空气作为一种常用的动力源,其能耗成本已占到全国工业总耗电量的10%,被越来越多的应用于工业生产中。国内外学者从空压机改造、系统优化、控制器设计等多方面进行了许多研究工作,并取得丰硕成果。本文基于国内外研究与应用现状,在以下几方面展开空气压缩系统节能研究,内容包括:(1)总结了国内外空压机厂商以及学者在空气压缩系统领域的研究,并根据我国工业使用空压机情况指出了当前空压机系统节能存在的问题。从系统的产气、输气、耗气三方面概括了工业中经常使用的节能措施,并对加卸载控制、台数控制、变频控制等基本控制方式进行了分析。(2)根据空气压缩系统运行机理,以单台非变频螺杆机为气源装置,建立了包括进气阀、空压机能耗、排气量、储气罐、输气管道泄露、冷却器等数学模型;通过MATLAB仿真分析了非变频空气压缩系统运行过程。为深入研究空压机群节能策略,还建立了变频条件下空气压缩系统性能模型方程,并通过仿真对变频控制进行了分析。(3)针对单台非变频空压机系统,分析了定负荷下采用加卸载控制方式时的卸载压力与系统耗能情况,提出了基于负荷变化下的自动调节最优卸载压力运行策略,使得系统耗能最小;针对非变频空压机群控系统,分析了在系统出现负荷大范围变化时采用阶梯式加卸载控制方式运行过程;针对含变频空压机群控系统,分析了负荷变化较大时采用PID控制方式的优劣,并提出一种结合自动控制原理中的变速积分控制策略,仿真结果表明该方法能够使系统能耗减小,并达到更好的控制效果。(4)为了对空压机群控节能策略实用性进行深入研究,搭建了空气压缩系统实验台。控制系统以西门子PLC为核心,通过PLC实时采集储气罐温度、压力、排气量等,并在PLC中通过梯形图编写了相应的实验控制程序;上位机采用面向对象的编程思想,运用C#语言开发,实现了数据采集、曲线显示、数据保存和节能分析等功能。(5)针对搭建的空气压缩系统实验台进行了全面调试,通过该实验台初步完成加卸载控制实验、阶梯式控制实验和变频控制实验。目前实验台运行稳定,支持完成多种开放性节能控制试验。
[Abstract]:Compressed air as a common power source, its energy consumption cost has accounted for 10 percent of the total industrial power consumption in the country, has been more and more used in industrial production. Domestic and foreign scholars from the air compressor transformation, system optimization, A lot of research work has been done on controller design and many other aspects. Based on the current research and application situation at home and abroad, the research on energy saving of air compression system has been carried out in the following aspects. The contents include: (1) summarized the research of domestic and foreign air compressor manufacturers and scholars in the field of air compression system, and pointed out the existing problems in energy saving of air compressor system according to the situation of air compressor used in our country. The energy saving measures frequently used in industry are summarized in three aspects of gas consumption, and the basic control methods, such as loading and unloading control, number control, frequency conversion control, etc., are analyzed according to the operation mechanism of air compression system. A mathematical model including intake valve, energy consumption of air compressor, exhaust volume, gas storage tank, gas pipeline leakage, cooler and so on is established with a single non-frequency conversion screw machine as the air source device. The operation process of non-frequency conversion air compression system is analyzed by MATLAB simulation. In order to study the energy saving strategy of air compressor group, the performance model equation of air compression system under frequency conversion condition is also established. The frequency conversion control is analyzed by simulation. Aiming at the single non-frequency conversion air compressor system, the unloading pressure and energy consumption of the system are analyzed when the loading and unloading control mode is adopted under the fixed load. The optimal unloading pressure operation strategy based on load change is proposed to minimize the energy consumption of the system, and to solve the problem of non-frequency conversion air compressor group control system, The running process of step loading and unloading control mode is analyzed when the load varies in a large range, and the advantages and disadvantages of PID control mode when the load change is large are analyzed for the group control system of air compressor with frequency conversion. A variable speed integral control strategy combined with the principle of automatic control is proposed. The simulation results show that the method can reduce the energy consumption of the system and achieve a better control effect. The control system takes Siemens PLC as the core and collects the temperature, pressure and exhaust volume of the gas storage tank through PLC in real time. The corresponding experimental control program is compiled by trapezoidal diagram in PLC. The upper computer adopts the object oriented programming thought, uses the C # language to develop, has realized the data collection, the curve display, the data saving and the energy saving analysis and so on function. The loading and unloading control experiment, step control experiment and frequency conversion control experiment are preliminarily completed on this experimental bench. At present, the experiment bench runs stably and supports the completion of various open energy saving control tests.
【学位授予单位】：杭州电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH41

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