塔式起重机起重臂力学性能比较研究及优化

发布时间：2018-03-27 16:18

本文选题：塔式起重机　切入点：起重臂　出处：《大连理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：塔式起重机(塔机)是广泛应用于高层建筑、电站施工、水利建设以及造船等部门的一种重要的施工机械。起重臂是塔机的重要结构件之一,其结构设计是否合理,对整机性能有较大影响。随着塔机朝着大起重量、大工作幅度方向的发展,起重臂的结构形式在传统双吊点臂架的基础上衍生出了两种新型结构形式的臂架——双吊点带撑杆整体式臂架和双吊点带撑杆分段式臂架。目前国内外厂家采用这两种新型结构形式的臂架还较少,更缺乏对这三种臂架系统力学性能的对比分析以及新型臂架结构的优化研究。本文以三种不同结构形式的起重臂为研究对象,对不同结构臂架系统间力学性能的对比以及臂架结构的优化等方面进行了研究。论文主要工作如下：(1)研究了起重臂内力的计算方法。建立了双吊点带撑杆整体式起重臂的计算模型,采用单位力法结合图乘法给出了拉杆内力以及臂架内力的计算公式。(2)开发了基于MATLAB/GUIDE的塔机起重臂力学性能计算软件,并以某型号的双吊点带撑杆分段式起重臂为算例,验证了软件的编程思路,测试了软件的各项功能。(3)基于塔机起重臂力学性能计算软件对三种不同结构形式的臂架在相同起重性能、相同典型工况下的力学性能进行了比较研究,包括臂架应力、拉杆拉力以及塔帽轴向力。(4)基于ANSYS的结构尺寸优化模块对某型号的双吊点带撑杆整体式起重臂进行了结构优化设计。优化中以臂架应力的不均衡度为目标对各吊点以及各铰点的位置进行了优化,优化效果明显。
[Abstract]:Tower crane (tower crane) is widely used in high-rise buildings, power plant construction, water conservancy construction, shipbuilding and other departments of an important construction machinery. Has a great impact on the performance of the whole machine. With the development of tower crane toward the direction of large lifting weight and large working amplitude, On the basis of the traditional double lifting point boom, the structure form of the lifting arm is derived from two new types of brace, namely, the integral brace with double lifting point brace and the segmented arm with double lifting point brace, which are adopted by domestic and foreign manufacturers at present. There are fewer armbands in two new types of structures. Moreover, the comparative analysis of the mechanical properties of the three kinds of boom systems and the optimization of the new type of boom structure are lacking. In this paper, three different types of boom are taken as the object of study. In this paper, the comparison of mechanical properties and the optimization of boom structure between different structures are studied. The main work of this paper is as follows: 1) the calculation method of internal force of lifting arm is studied, and the integral type of double lifting point with bracing rod is established. The calculation model of the lifting arm, The calculation formula of the internal force of pull rod and the internal force of boom is given by using unit force method and graph multiplication.) based on MATLAB/GUIDE, the calculation software of mechanical properties of lifting arm of tower crane is developed. The programming idea of the software is verified, and the functions of the software are tested. Based on the calculation software of the mechanical properties of the crane hoisting arm, the mechanical properties of three different types of boom under the same lifting performance and the same typical working condition are compared and studied. Including arm stress, Based on the structural dimension optimization module of ANSYS, the structural optimization design of a certain type of integral lifting arm with double lifting point and braced rod is carried out. In the optimization, the unbalance degree of the stress of the boom is taken as the target of the optimization. The point and the position of each hinge are optimized. The effect of optimization is obvious.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TH213.3

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