基于双脉冲响应的轴承缺陷尺寸识别方法研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 00:21

本文选题：双脉冲 + 缺陷尺寸　；参考：《兰州理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：滚动轴承是旋转机械中重要的零部件之一,一旦出现故障轻则引起设备失效,重则造成人员伤亡。因此,及时发现滚动轴承早期故障并准确地得到故障程度的信息,对排除故障隐患、保障设备的安全运行具有十分重要的意义。针对目前判别滚动轴承故障扩展程度困难的问题,本文基于滚动体经过缺陷边缘而产生的双脉冲现象,根据信号波形与轴承运行状态的对应关系,提出了基于双脉冲响应的轴承缺陷尺寸识别方法。本文的主要内容如下:(1)提出了基于ARMED和Teager能量算子的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。研究了滚动轴承的振动机理。根据局部缺陷振动信号的特征,运用ARMED算法反卷积得到故障引起的类周期性脉冲;利用能量算子从高频载波分量中解调得到故障成分;分析故障成分的能量谱,实现了对故障发生部位和故障类型的精准判别。(2)提出了基于AR模型和Symlet小波的双脉冲提取方法。分析了滚动体与缺陷边缘发生碰撞时产生的双脉冲现象及机理。结合不同滤波器的特点,采用AR滤波器滤除原始信号中的周期性固有频率成分;利用能量算子削弱背景噪声的影响和随机脉冲的干扰;使用离散小波变换对信号进行分解和重构,实现了对混合信号中双脉冲特征的准确提取。通过构造冲击和阶跃函数并添加噪声实现了外圈故障轴承双脉冲信号的模拟,采用所提出的方法准确提取出了模拟信号中的双脉冲成分,从而验证了该方法的有效性,为进一步估计缺陷尺寸提供了依据和手段。(3)提出了基于双脉冲响应的轴承故障尺寸识别方法。研究了双脉冲信号的波形特征与滚动体经过缺陷区域时所处位置之间的对应关系。考虑滚动体滑动因素对缺陷尺寸估计的影响,基于滚动轴承运动学及双脉冲信号表征的时间信息,推导出了缺陷尺寸的计算公式。通过一组不同转速下的外圈故障实验,验证了本文所提方法对滚动轴承故障位置的鉴别及故障程度的判定的正确性和合理性。
[Abstract]:Rolling bearing is one of the most important parts in rotating machinery.Therefore, it is very important to find out the early fault of rolling bearing and get the information of fault degree in time, which is very important to eliminate the hidden trouble and ensure the safe operation of the equipment.In view of the difficulty in judging the fault extension degree of rolling bearing at present, based on the phenomenon of double pulse caused by rolling body passing through the defect edge, according to the corresponding relation between signal waveform and bearing running state,A method of bearing defect size identification based on double pulse response is proposed.The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) A rolling bearing fault diagnosis method based on ARMED and Teager energy operator is proposed.The vibration mechanism of rolling bearing is studied.According to the characteristic of the local defect vibration signal, the ARMED algorithm is used to deconvolution to obtain the quasi-periodic pulse caused by the fault; the energy operator is used to demodulate the fault component from the high-frequency carrier component; and the energy spectrum of the fault component is analyzed.The method of double pulse extraction based on AR model and Symlet wavelet is presented.The phenomenon and mechanism of double pulse produced when rolling body collides with defect edge are analyzed.Combined with the characteristics of different filters, AR filter is used to filter the periodic natural frequency components of the original signal, and the energy operator is used to weaken the influence of background noise and the interference of random pulses.Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is used to decompose and reconstruct the signal to extract the dual pulse features from the mixed signal accurately.By constructing shock and step function and adding noise to realize the simulation of double pulse signal of outer ring fault bearing, the proposed method is used to accurately extract the double pulse component from the analog signal, which verifies the effectiveness of the method.The method of bearing fault size identification based on double pulse response is presented.The relationship between the waveform characteristics of the double pulse signal and the position of the rolling body passing through the defect region is studied.Considering the influence of rolling sliding factors on defect size estimation, the calculation formula of defect size is derived based on the time information of rolling bearing kinematics and double pulse signal representation.The correctness and rationality of the method proposed in this paper for identifying the fault location of rolling bearing and judging the fault degree are verified by a group of experiments on the fault of outer ring at different rotational speeds.
【学位授予单位】：兰州理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH133.33

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