起重机金属结构件的结构优化及轻量化研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 21:16

本文选题：门式起重机 + ANSYS　；参考：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国工业发展水平的不断提高,起重机作为物料的搬运和运输工具在国民经济发展中发挥了越来越重要的角色。金属结构作为起重机结构中最主要的组成部分,占结构总重量的60%以上,对其进行结构优化实现整机的轻量化,有助于提高起重机的工作性能和承载能力,达到节能减排目的。本文借助ANSYS软件,综合运用有限元法、结构力学、动力学、灵敏度分析、优化设计、屈曲分析等方法对门式起重机金属结构进行了研究,具体工作如下:首先,针对门式起重机结构的特点,运用APDL语言建立了门式起重机金属结构的参数化有限元模型。确定其计算载荷和工况,对起重机金属结构进行静动态分析,得到了结构的位移、应力分布云图以及固有频率和振型。其次,将灵敏度分析技术运用到结构优化分析当中,通过对起重机金属结构总体积进行灵敏度分析,选取对起重机结构总体积影响较大的设计参数作为设计变量,以结构静强度、静刚度和动刚度作为约束条件,结构总体积最小为目标函数,运用ANSYS内部的sub-problem优化算法对起重机金属结构进行了动态优化设计。最后,利用ANSYS对优化后的起重机金属结构进行特征值屈曲分析,验证了优化后整体结构的稳定性,并得到结构中易发生屈曲的区域,在此基础上,对该局部区域发生屈曲的一些影响因素进行了探讨。经过优化改进,门式起重机箱型结构的外形尺寸和部分截面尺寸有所减少,起重机金属结构总质量减轻了19.7%。这种基于APDL的参数化建模、灵敏度分析及结构动态优化方法,可有效实现金属结构的轻量化,对其他起重机产品的轻量化设计提供了有益参考。
[Abstract]:With the development of industry in our country, crane plays a more and more important role in the development of national economy.Metal structure, as the most important part of crane structure, accounts for more than 60% of the total weight of the structure. Optimizing the structure to realize the whole machine lightweight is helpful to improve the crane's working performance and carrying capacity, and achieve the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction.In this paper, the metal structure of gantry crane is studied by means of ANSYS software, including finite element method, structural mechanics, dynamics, sensitivity analysis, optimization design and buckling analysis.According to the characteristics of gantry crane structure, the parameterized finite element model of gantry crane metal structure is established by using APDL language.The static and dynamic analysis of the crane metal structure is carried out, and the displacement, stress distribution cloud diagram, natural frequency and vibration mode of the structure are obtained.Secondly, the sensitivity analysis technology is applied to the structural optimization analysis. Through the sensitivity analysis of the total volume of the crane metal structure, the design parameters which have a great influence on the total volume of the crane structure are selected as the design variables.Taking the static strength, static stiffness and dynamic stiffness of the structure as the constraint conditions and the minimum of the total volume of the structure as the objective function, the dynamic optimization design of the crane metal structure is carried out by using the sub-problem optimization algorithm of the interior of ANSYS.Finally, the eigenvalue buckling analysis of the optimized metal structure is carried out by using ANSYS, which verifies the stability of the optimized whole structure, and obtains the region where buckling is easy to occur in the structure.Some factors affecting buckling in the local area are discussed.After optimization and improvement, the shape size and section size of gantry crane box structure are reduced, and the total mass of crane metal structure is reduced by 19.775.This parameterized modeling, sensitivity analysis and structural dynamic optimization method based on APDL can effectively realize the lightweight of metal structure and provide a useful reference for the lightweight design of other crane products.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH21

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