滚动轴承滚道精研加工残余应力的研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 20:52

本文选题：滚动轴承 + 滚道　；参考：《山东大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：滚动轴承作为机械制造业中一种重要的基础零部件,对工业产品的性能、使用寿命等起着决定性作用。而我国自主生产的高性能滚动轴承与国外发达国家同类型轴承相比存在很大差距,其中较为突出的一点就是疲劳寿命低。滚动轴承滚道表层残余应力分布状态对于裂纹的萌生及扩展有着重要影响,是影响轴承疲劳寿命的重要因素。精研加工作为滚动轴承滚道加工的最后一道工序在轴承制造行业中被广泛应用,对于滚动轴承滚道表面残余应力的最终分布状态有重要影响。本文针对滚动轴承滚道精研加工,通过理论分析、有限元仿真分析和实验研究,对滚动轴承滚道精研加工残余应力分布规律进行了深入研究,主要工作如下：根据精研加工的一般过程及加工特点,结合机械加工过程中残余应力的产生机理,从宏观角度分析了精研加工残余应力的产生原因。油石对工件表面的机械作用导致工件表面不均匀的塑性变形是精研加工产生残余应力的主要原因。从微观角度分析了油石磨粒对工件分别进行滑擦、耕犁、微切削作用时工件表层金属受力变形情况,进而分析了残余应力的产生及类型。滑擦作用下工件不发生塑性变形,不产生残余应力；耕犁作用会使工件表层金属发生挤光效应,产生残余压应力；微切削作用时,工件表层金属先后发生塑性凸出效应和挤光效应,由于挤光效应作用更明显,工件表层产生残余压应力。根据油石表面磨粒分布状态和单颗磨粒对工件材料的作用力,建立了油石压力与轴承滚道表面单位面积承受作用力的关系式；建立了切向力方向与油石振荡频率、工件转速和加工时间的关系。建立了滚动轴承滚道精研加工残余应力分布有限元模型,利用有限元软件仿真分析了精研加工后滚动轴承滚道表层残余应力分布的一般规律,并对油石压力、切削角变化范围对残余应力分布的影响进行了研究。研究表明,滚动轴承滚道精研加工会在滚道表层产生残余压应力,压应力最大值位于次表层,周向残余压应力大于轴向残余压应力；残余压应力随油石压力增大而增大,但是增大梯度减小；切削角变化范围对残余应力的影响不明显。进行了滚动轴承滚道精研加工实验,并对精研加工后滚道表面残余应力进行了测量,分析了实验数据与有限元仿真结果的差异,验证了滚动轴承滚道精研加工有限元模型的正确性。综合考虑残余应力测量仪器本身存在的误差、残余应力的分布具的离散性以及有限元模型建立过程中的简化等原因,虽然实验数据与有限元仿真分析结果存在一定误差,但是误差在可接受范围以内,两者具有较好的一致性。结合磨削残余应力分布规律,通过有限元仿真分析,进行了初始应力场对滚动轴承滚道精研加工残余应力分布影响的研究。研究发现,当初始应力较小时,初始应力场对滚道精研加工残余应力分布几乎没有影响；滚道表层存在较大初始压应力则有助于增大轴承滚道精研加工残余压应力。
[Abstract]:As an important basic component in the mechanical manufacturing industry , the rolling bearing plays a decisive role in the performance , service life and so on of the industrial products .
The action of the plough will cause the metal of the surface layer of the workpiece to have the squeezing effect , and the residual compressive stress is generated .
in that micro - cutting action , the surface metal of the workpiece has plastic bulge effect and squeezing effect , and the residual compressive stress is generated on the surface layer of the workpiece due to the effect of the squeezing effect , and the relation between the oil - rock pressure and the unit area of the surface unit area of the bearing raceway surface is established according to the distribution state of the abrasive grain on the surface of the oil and the force of the single abrasive particle on the workpiece material ;
A finite element model of residual stress distribution in rolling bearing raceway is established by using finite element software simulation , and the influence of pressure and cutting angle on the residual stress distribution is studied . The results show that the rolling bearing raceway finishing process can produce residual compressive stress on the surface layer of roller bearing , the maximum compressive stress is located in the secondary surface layer , and the residual compressive stress in the circumferential direction is greater than the axial residual compressive stress ;
The residual compressive stress increases with the increase of the pressure of the oilstone , but the gradient decreases .
The influence of the range of the cutting angle on the residual stress is not obvious . The experimental data and the finite element simulation result are measured . The results show that the initial stress field has little influence on the residual stress distribution of the rolling bearing raceway .
The existence of large initial compressive stress on the raceway surface can help to increase the residual compressive stress of the bearing raceway .

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TH133.33

【相似文献】