基于改进粒子群算法的自动液压拉紧装置控制系统优化

发布时间：2018-04-19 10:42

本文选题：液压拉紧装置 + 动态特性　；参考：《安徽理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：带式输送机已经成为综合了机械、电气、液压和控制等多学科为一体的散装物料的现代化大型连续运输设备之一,由于其不断的向着大功率、高速度、长距离以及大运量等方向发展,使得带式输送机的动态特性对其运行性能的好坏变得日益突出。其中由于带式输送机的拉紧装置是其重要组成部分,所以它性能的好坏对带式输送机的动态特性有着重要的影响,关系到带式输送机安全运行、可靠性以及使用寿命等。因此,对于研究带式输送机(尤其是大型带式输送机)的拉紧装置具有重要意义。本文通过对国内外常用的带式输送机液压拉紧装置进行分析,在其基础上进行改进,并且介绍了它的工作原理。通过对改进后的液压拉紧装置的物理模型进行详细的分析,对其各个模块中的元件都建立数学模型而最终联立得到该液压拉紧装置的数学模型。在电气控制中选择PID控制方式,并且通过在标准粒子群算法(PSO)的基础上进行混沌处理,得出了一种改进粒子群算法,对该算法进行仿真测试,仿真结果表明改进后的粒子群算法的优化效果要优于标准粒子群算法。然后通过改进后的粒子群算法对PID控制器中的三个参数Kp、Ki、Kd进行参数优化,并在Matlab/Simulink模块中对优化后的PID和液压拉紧装置的数学模型进行联合仿真,并与未优化的PID和液压拉紧装置的数学模型联合仿真的结果进行对比,结果表明前者的单位阶跃响应达到平稳的时间要少与后者。通过在MATLAB/Simulink模块中进行联合仿真后,仿真结果表明经过改进粒子群算法优化后的PID控制下的液压拉紧装置的动态性能更佳,使得该液压拉紧装置在PID控制下对带式输送机的运行具有良好的响应速度,可以对拉紧力的控制更加精准,使其能在较短的时间内完成紧带与松带,也可以使输送带在运行时受到较小的冲击从而避免引起较大的振动,使其达到较好的控制效果。
[Abstract]:Belt conveyor has become one of the modern large and continuous transportation equipment which integrates mechanical, electrical, hydraulic and control disciplines, because of its constant trend towards high power and high speed.With the development of long distance and large capacity, the dynamic characteristics of belt conveyor become more and more important.Because the tension device of the belt conveyor is an important part of the belt conveyor, its performance has an important impact on the dynamic characteristics of the belt conveyor, and relates to the safe operation, reliability and service life of the belt conveyor.Therefore, it is of great significance to study the tensioning device of belt conveyor (especially large belt conveyor).In this paper, the hydraulic tensioning device of belt conveyor used at home and abroad is analyzed, the improvement is made on its basis, and its working principle is introduced.Through the detailed analysis of the physical model of the improved hydraulic tensioning device, the mathematical model of the components in each module is established and the mathematical model of the hydraulic tensioning device is finally obtained.The PID control method is chosen in the electrical control, and through chaotic processing based on the standard particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, an improved PSO algorithm is obtained, and the simulation test of the PSO algorithm is carried out.Simulation results show that the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is better than the standard particle swarm optimization algorithm.Then the parameters of the three parameters of PID controller are optimized by the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm, and the mathematical model of the optimized PID and hydraulic tension device is simulated in the Matlab/Simulink module.The results are compared with the simulation results of the unoptimized PID and the mathematical model of the hydraulic tension device. The results show that the unit step response of the former is less stable than the latter.Through the joint simulation in MATLAB/Simulink module, the simulation results show that the dynamic performance of the hydraulic tensioning device under the PID control is better after the improved PSO algorithm is optimized.The hydraulic tension device has a good response speed to the belt conveyor operation under the control of PID, and can control the tension force more accurately, so that it can complete the strapping and loosening belt in a relatively short time.The conveyor belt can also be subjected to a small impact in operation to avoid causing a larger vibration, so that it can achieve a better control effect.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH222;TP18

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