摩擦性能试验研究及制动器摩擦衬片的优化设计

发布时间：2018-05-23 07:14

本文选题：摩擦试验 + 销盘接触仿真　；参考：《上海工程技术大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：据不完全统计,摩擦大约消耗了超过1/3的能源,而磨损导致了超过70%的装备失效。为了减少经济损失,近年来人们越来越重视摩擦磨损基本规律的研究与实际工业生产的结合,本课题的研究正是基于这方面的内容而展开的。本文首先介绍了摩擦磨损相关的基本原理,在此基础上设计不同的试验方案来研究不同参数对摩擦系数的影响规律和权重次序;然后建立销盘摩擦副的二维和三维模型,观察接触应力的分布情况以及载荷对接触应力的影响;最后,根据摩擦磨损机理对扬州源锋机电有限公司提供的鼓式制动器进行研究,主要包括衬片夹具的摩擦学设计和鼓式摩擦片的参数优化。论文研究的主要内容和结果如下:(1)运用MMW-1A和MMS-2A摩擦磨损试验机,设计试验来检测速度、载荷对摩擦系数的影响规律,并根据正交试验完成速度、载荷、时间影响摩擦系数的显著顺序。试验结果表明:摩擦系数随着载荷、速度的增大有减小的趋势,影响程度的顺序为载荷、时间、速度。这就为后续的研究工作奠定了理论基础。(2)在有限元软件Ansys中建立销盘副的静态和动态模型,对接触应力进行模拟分析。仿真结果表明,接触应力的分布呈现中间小、边缘大的态势;销盘滑动以后,接触应力场向滑动方向偏移,销底部边缘出现最大值,并且应力值有所增大。另外,通过建立的三维模型分析载荷对接触应力的影响,发现随着载荷的增大接触应力值增大,分布状态没有改变。有限元的分析可以从直观上观察接触应力分布,同时也为摩擦磨损机理研究提供的途径。(3)根据提供摩擦片的形状设计夹具,分别从定位和夹紧方面考虑,确定夹具的主体和夹紧装置,然后对其仿真分析,得到最大偏移量为0.000197mm、承受最大应力为1.09Mpa,满足要求。这样的分析能够为加工制造减小误差、保证装配精度。(4)利用Solid Works建立鼓式制动器的几何模型,并导入Ansys Workbench中,分析不同条件下摩擦片的应力分布,完成摩擦片的材质、起始角、厚度的优化设计。分析结果表明,当材质为少金属类、厚度在3mm~5mm之间、起始角在25°~27°之间的摩擦片,接触应力集中程度降低,波动比较稳定,能够提供良好的制动性能和增加使用寿命。参数的优化能够为新型制动器的开发提供数据支持。
[Abstract]:According to incomplete statistics, friction consumes more than a third of the energy, while wear causes more than 70 percent of equipment failure. In order to reduce economic losses, more and more attention has been paid to the combination of the basic law of friction and wear with the actual industrial production in recent years. This paper first introduces the basic principles of friction and wear, and then designs different test schemes to study the influence law and weight order of different parameters on friction coefficient, and then establishes the two dimensional and three dimensional model of pin disk friction pair. The distribution of contact stress and the influence of load on contact stress are observed. Finally, according to the friction and wear mechanism, the drum brake provided by Yangzhou Yuanfeng Electromechanical Co., Ltd is studied. It mainly includes tribological design of lining clamp and parameter optimization of drum friction plate. The main contents and results of this paper are as follows: (1) by using MMW-1A and MMS-2A friction and wear testing machine, the speed and the influence of load on friction coefficient are tested by using MMW-1A and MMS-2A, and the speed and load are completed according to the orthogonal test. Time affects the significant order of friction coefficient. The experimental results show that the friction coefficient decreases with the increase of load and velocity, and the order of influence is load, time and speed. This lays a theoretical foundation for further research work. (2) the static and dynamic models of pin and disc pairs are established in the finite element software Ansys, and the contact stress is simulated and analyzed. The simulation results show that the distribution of contact stress is small in the middle and the edge is large. After sliding the contact stress field shifts to the sliding direction and the bottom edge of the pin appears the maximum value and the stress value increases. In addition, by analyzing the effect of load on contact stress, it is found that the distribution of contact stress does not change with the increase of load. The finite element analysis can observe the contact stress distribution intuitively, at the same time, it also provides a way for the study of friction and wear mechanism. (3) according to the shape of the friction plate, the fixture is designed from the aspects of location and clamping, respectively. The main body and clamping device of the fixture are determined, and the simulation results show that the maximum offset is 0.000197mm and the maximum stress is 1.09Mpa. it meets the requirements. This analysis can reduce the error and ensure the assembly accuracy for manufacturing. (4) using Solid Works to establish the geometric model of drum brake, and introducing it into Ansys Workbench, analyzing the stress distribution of friction plate under different conditions, completing the material and starting angle of friction piece. Optimum design of thickness. The results show that when the material is of less metal, thickness is between 3mm~5mm and the starting angle is between 25 掳and 27 掳, the contact stress concentration degree is reduced and the fluctuation is relatively stable, which can provide good braking performance and increase service life. The optimization of parameters can provide data support for the development of new brake.
【学位授予单位】：上海工程技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TH117.1

【参考文献】