基于IE技术和Witness仿真的M厂混流装配线平衡优化研究

发布时间：2018-06-06 08:31

本文选题：装配线平衡 + Witness　；参考：《浙江理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：自从装配线被研究以来,它已经进入到了各行各业,得到了充分的发展。近几年由于多种少量的生产方式的不断发展,混流装配线的概念逐渐被人们所熟知。通过平衡混流装配线,以及对产品的生产进行排序优化,可以加快产品流动,减少生产周期,消除工程瓶颈,并在其基础上实现单元生产,提高生产应变能力,对应市场变化从而实现柔性生产系统。现在一般有三种方法研究混流装配线平衡,他们分别是数学规划法、编程算法和传统的IE理论方法。前二者的研究者众多,也都取得了较好的研究成果,但是近年来的发展遇到了瓶颈,学术理论和实际的生产运营越来越脱节,传统的IE方法比较简单,但却造就了它的较广范围的适用性,而且对于问题的解决具有较强的实用性。本文综合利用了基础IE方法和改进的粒子群算法,首先对M叉车厂的内燃车总装线进行了平衡分析,利用仿真软件Witness验证,对比改善前后的平均在制库存和总体工时利用率;接着以最小化超载作业时间和物料消耗平准化作为优化目标进行建模,并分别分配权重,从而得到双目标优化模型,利用改进的粒子群算法得出该模型的近似最优解,得到该混流装配线的最优投产顺序。本文的主要内容为五部分。首先,绪论部分阐述了装配线平衡研究的国内外现状及趋势,对装配线平衡的基本形式和方法,研究原则和目的进行了分析,对不同研究方法进行简单的比较,并给出了课题的体系结构;然后,理论综述部分介绍了基础IE的相关理论,比如ECRS四大原则、方法研究、作业测定、5W1H六合分析法等,说明了研究装配线平衡的相关术语、公式和评价指标,并对粒子群算法的基本原理和基本流程进行了说明,最后指出将运用改进的粒子群算法对混流装配线的投产排序问题进行求解;其次,以某大型企业M叉车厂FD30车型装配线为研究对象,通过现场对作业人员的作业进行详细的调查研究,进而找到各工位的生产时间,并利用这些数据确定装配线的瓶颈工序,接着通过理论与实际相结合的方式对给车型总装线进行平衡分析并改善,提高了生产效率,并推广到其他车型上去,得到相似的良好结果;再者,用离散仿真软件Witness对改善前后的装配线生产状况进行分析,得到改善后的平均在制品库存以及平均总装配时间总体比改善前的要好,从而具体验证了该叉车装配线平衡后的效果;最后,针对M叉车厂的混流装配线排序问题进行了描述,选择以最小化超载作业时间和物料消耗平准化作为优化目标进行建模,并分别对其分配权重,从而得到双目标优化模型。利用改进的粒子群算法得出该模型的最优解,从而得到该叉车混流装配线的最优投产顺序。
[Abstract]:Since the assembly line has been studied, it has entered all walks of life and been fully developed. In recent years, the concept of mixed-flow assembly line has been well known due to the continuous development of a variety of production methods. By balancing the mixed flow assembly line and optimizing the production of products, the flow of products can be accelerated, the production cycle can be reduced, the bottleneck of engineering can be eliminated, and the unit production can be realized on the basis of which the capacity of production strain can be improved. Corresponding to market changes to achieve flexible production system. At present, there are three methods to study the balance of mixed-flow assembly line. They are mathematical programming, programming algorithm and traditional IE theory. The former two researchers are numerous and have made good research results, but in recent years the development has encountered a bottleneck, academic theory and practical production and operation are more and more disjointed, the traditional IE method is relatively simple. But it creates a wide range of applicability, and has a strong practicality for the solution of the problem. In this paper, the basic IE method and the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm are synthetically used. Firstly, the balance analysis of the assembly line of the internal combustion car in the M forklift plant is carried out. The simulation software Witness is used to verify and compare the average in-control inventory and the total man-hour utilization ratio before and after the improvement. Then, the optimization objective is to minimize overloading operation time and material consumption, and the weight is assigned to get the two-objective optimization model. The improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to obtain the approximate optimal solution of the model. The optimal production sequence of the mixed flow assembly line is obtained. The main content of this paper is five parts. First of all, the introduction part describes the current situation and trend of assembly line balance research, analyzes the basic forms and methods of assembly line balance, the research principles and purposes, and makes a simple comparison of different research methods. Then, the related theories of basic IE are introduced, such as the four principles of ECRS, the research of methods, the method of work determination and the analysis of 5W1H, and the related terms of studying the balance of assembly line are explained. The formula and evaluation index, and the basic principle and flow of particle swarm optimization algorithm are explained. Finally, it is pointed out that the hybrid assembly line scheduling problem will be solved by the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm. Secondly, Taking FD30 type assembly line of M forklift truck factory in a large enterprise as the research object, through the detailed investigation and study of the operators' work on the spot, the production time of each station is found, and the bottleneck process of the assembly line is determined by using these data. Then through the combination of theory and practice to analyze and improve the balance of the vehicle assembly line, improve the production efficiency, and spread to other models to get similar good results; The production condition of assembly line before and after improvement is analyzed by using the discrete simulation software Witness. The average in-process inventory and the average total assembly time of the improved assembly line are generally better than those before the improvement. Finally, the scheduling problem of mixed flow assembly line in M forklift plant is described, and the optimization goal is to minimize overloading operation time and material consumption. The two objective optimization model is obtained by assigning the weight to it. The optimal solution of the model is obtained by using the improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, and the optimal production sequence of the mixed flow assembly line of the forklift truck is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH186

【相似文献】