堆取料机门架结构设计优化

发布时间：2018-06-17 11:44

本文选题：堆取料机 + 变幅机构　；参考：《大连理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：堆取料机是在港口堆料场、热力发电厂的储料场、矿业料场以及化工厂的大型机械设备,在装卸、输送以及存储过程中,发挥着主导作用。同时,堆取料机使用的稳定性和可靠性也从实际使用方面决定了企业的产量,效率以及效益,也是市场的一种需求,这种较高的使用稳定性和可靠性就始于对其结构的设计。门架的变幅机构是通过钢丝绳改变堆取料机取料耙幅度,以达到适应料堆高度改变的机械结构。变幅三铰点的设计直接影响堆取料机门架的受力大小和应力分布趋势,同时,也会影响门架整体结构截面的设计,这属于堆取料机门架结构设计的前期研究阶段。另外,门架是堆取料机主要的承载机构,其截面设计直接关系到整个系统设计的优劣。传统的截面优化方法是先依据国外产品或是以往设计的实际经验得到整体设计方案,然后通过软件仿真模拟并验证设计的可行性,通过设计验算结果修改原设计中的不足,通过反复的验算,达到优化设计的目的,这种反复修改的方法费时费力,并且没有理论基础的支撑,不能够做到最优化的效果。本课题以某企业的顶堆侧取堆取料机为研究对象,将已有遗传算法应用到门架结构设计优化中。本文对顶堆侧取堆取料机做了充分的研究后,分析变幅机构及其力学性能,求得取料耙的运动方程和力学方程；根据铰点的布置,计算得出各铰点的受力变化曲线,并且运用运动学仿真软件ADAMS,提取得到变幅角度随时间变化的曲线,钢丝绳受力随变幅角度变化的曲线,验证了数值模型和仿真模型的可靠性和准确性。根据三铰点的受力方程,分析各铰点位置尺寸对变幅钢丝绳受力最大值的影响规律,建立堆取料机门架变幅机构铰点优化数学模型,利用遗传算法,应用MATLAB遗传工具箱,对堆取料机变幅机构三铰点进行优化设计。运用经过三铰点优化的受力,加载到门架结构上,对门架截面进行数值优化,得到优化结果,结果表明门架受力得到改善。最后,根据堆取料机门架的实际作业工况,使用有限元分析软件ANSYS参数化设计语言APDL,建立门架有限元模型,加载计算并优化,把得出的优化结果与数值优化结果做对比,验证数值计算优化与软件优化结果的正确性。
[Abstract]:Stacker is a large mechanical equipment in port yard, thermal power plant storage yard, mining material yard and chemical plant. It plays a leading role in loading and unloading, transportation and storage process. At the same time, the stability and reliability of the stacker also determine the production, efficiency and benefit of the enterprise from the practical use, and it is also a demand of the market. This kind of high stability and reliability begins with the design of its structure. The shift mechanism of the door frame is a mechanical structure which adapts to the change of the height of the stacks by changing the rake amplitude of the heap-taker by wire rope. The design of three hinges directly affects the stress and stress distribution of the door frame of the heap-collecting machine, and it also affects the design of the whole structure section of the portal frame, which belongs to the early stage of the structural design of the stacker gantry. In addition, the door frame is the main loading mechanism of the stacker, and its cross section design is directly related to the quality of the whole system design. The traditional cross-section optimization method first obtains the overall design scheme according to the foreign products or the practical experience of the past design, then simulates and verifies the feasibility of the design through the software simulation, and modifies the shortcomings of the original design through the design checking results. Through repeated checking calculation, the purpose of optimization design can be achieved. The method of repeated modification is time-consuming and laborious, and without the support of theoretical foundation, it can not achieve the optimal effect. In this paper, we apply the genetic algorithm to the structural design optimization of the portal frame, taking the top heap-side heap-fetching machine of a certain enterprise as the research object. In this paper, after a full study of the top pile side heap-fetching machine, the mechanism of amplitude variation and its mechanical properties are analyzed, and the equations of motion and mechanics of the rake are obtained, and according to the arrangement of hinge points, the stress variation curves of each hinge point are calculated. By using kinematics simulation software Adams, the curve of changing amplitude angle with time and the curve of wire rope force changing with amplitude angle are extracted. The reliability and accuracy of numerical model and simulation model are verified. According to the stress equation of three-hinge point, the influence of position size of hinge point on the maximum force of steel wire rope with variable amplitude is analyzed, and the optimal mathematical model of hinge point of door frame luffing mechanism of heap-fetching machine is established. The genetic algorithm is used and MATLAB genetic toolbox is used. The optimum design of the three hinges of the luffing mechanism of the stacker is carried out. By applying the stress of three hinged points to the structure of the portal frame, the section of the portal frame is numerically optimized, and the results show that the stress of the portal frame is improved. Finally, according to the actual working conditions of the door frame of the heap-taker, the finite element model of the portal frame is established by using the finite element analysis software ANSYS parametric design language APDL, and the optimized results are compared with the numerical optimization results. Verify the correctness of numerical calculation optimization and software optimization results.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TH246

【参考文献】