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金属橡胶密封件往复轴动密封性能研究

发布时间:2018-06-25 15:45

  本文选题:金属橡胶密封件 + 往复轴动密封 ; 参考:《哈尔滨工业大学》2016年硕士论文


【摘要】:金属橡胶材料具有耐高压、耐腐蚀、耐辐射、工作温度范围大、承载能力强及不易老化等优良特性,这些特性决定了其可以用于解决我国航空航天领域、国防武器装备等苛刻工况下存在的密封难题。然而,用于往复轴动密封的金属橡胶密封件尚鲜有研究。本文针对往复轴动密封展开了关于金属橡胶密封件密封性能的研究。往复轴动密封中初始状态下密封件与轴之间的接触应力分布对密封性能有重要的影响。建立了过盈装配状态下的接触模型,分析了接触应力产生原因;利用半平面无限问题的求解方法,推导了金属橡胶弹性体的接触应力分布计算公式;分析了包覆层的变形规律,推导了包覆层由周向拉伸产生的接触应力分布计算公式;针对实际安装尺寸的密封件进行了接触应力分布的实例计算。利用密封件变形应力、接触应力和液压油压力三者之间的平衡关系建立了金属橡胶密封件动密封数学模型。通过分析相对运动状态下金属橡胶密封件的密封过程,对密封件的几何轮廓和变形进行了合理的简化和假设,利用迭代的思想进行了接触应力分析、流体力学分析、密封件变形分析,得出运动过程中平衡状态下密封件在接触区域内的变形及泄漏间隙的变化。通过分析金属橡胶密封件在往复轴动密封中产生泄漏的原因,将液压油的泄漏归结为压差流和剪切流。利用同心圆柱环形间隙泄漏模型和流体力学中描述一维层流简化的Navier-Stokes方程,对初始状态下、轴伸出过程和缩回过程中的泄漏进行了分析,并利用Persson接触理论推导了适用于金属橡胶密封件的泄漏率计算公式。对金属橡胶密封专用试验台进行了改进,增加了摩擦力测量模块和伺服电机驱动系统。制备了侧面开口型金属橡胶密封件;根据金属橡胶密封件的安装要求设计加工了动密封试验工装。利用改进的金属橡胶密封专用试验台和动密封试验工装进行了金属橡胶密封件动密封试验研究,通过对比试验结果与理论结果验证理论分析的正确性。
[Abstract]:Metal rubber materials have excellent characteristics such as high pressure resistance, corrosion resistance, radiation resistance, wide range of working temperature, strong bearing capacity and not easy aging. These characteristics determine that metal rubber materials can be used to solve the problem of aerospace industry in China. The sealing problem existing in the harsh working conditions such as national defense weapons and equipment. However, metal rubber seals for reciprocating shaft dynamic seals have not been studied. In this paper, the sealing performance of metal rubber seals is studied for reciprocating shaft dynamic seals. The contact stress distribution between the seal and the shaft in the initial state of reciprocating shaft dynamic seal has an important effect on the seal performance. The contact model of interference assembly is established, the reason of contact stress is analyzed, the formula of contact stress distribution of metal rubber elastomer is deduced by using the method of solving the infinite half plane problem, and the deformation law of coating layer is analyzed. The calculation formula of contact stress distribution caused by circumferential tension is derived, and the contact stress distribution of sealing parts with actual installation size is calculated by an example. The mathematical model of dynamic seal of metal rubber seal was established by using the balance among deformation stress contact stress and hydraulic oil pressure. By analyzing the sealing process of metal rubber seal in relative motion, the geometric profile and deformation of seal are simplified and hypothesized reasonably, and the contact stress analysis and hydrodynamic analysis are carried out using iterative thought. The deformation of the seal in the contact area and the change of the leakage clearance are obtained by analyzing the deformation of the seal. The leakage of hydraulic oil is reduced to differential pressure flow and shear flow by analyzing the reason of leakage of metal rubber seal in reciprocating shaft dynamic seal. Based on the concentric cylindrical annular gap leakage model and the Navier-Stokes equation which describes the one-dimensional laminar flow in hydrodynamics, the leakage in the initial state during the axial extension process and the contraction process is analyzed. The formula for calculating leakage rate of metal rubber seals is derived by Persson contact theory. The special test bed for metal rubber seal was improved, and the friction measurement module and servo motor drive system were added. The side opening metal rubber seal was prepared and the dynamic seal test tool was designed and processed according to the installation requirements of the metal rubber seal. The dynamic seal test of metal rubber seal was carried out by using the improved metal rubber seal special test rig and the dynamic seal test tool. The correctness of the theoretical analysis was verified by comparing the test results with the theoretical results.
【学位授予单位】:哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2016
【分类号】:TH136

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