面向再制造的机电产品绿色拆解特征研究及其工艺序列决策

发布时间：2018-07-08 14:24

本文选题：再制造 + 绿色拆解特征　；参考：《青岛理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着国内机械制造业的迅猛发展以及绿色设计技术与理论更新,我国机电产品更新淘汰速度加快,导致大量资源闲置,同时给环境带来恶劣的影响。如何把这些“工业垃圾”变废为宝,充分利用废旧产品的潜在价值,成为当前先进制造技术研究领域的热点和难点。大量研究和实践表明,再制造技术是一种针对废弃资源重新循环使用的有效方法,该技术能够使零部件“起死回生”,对能源、经济的可持续发展具有重要意义。再制造技术包括一系列的关键技术环节,其中拆解工艺是首要环节。为了最大程度的实现资源重利用和回收价值,必须研发科学、有效的拆解工艺方法,构建面向再制造的拆解工艺体系。传统拆解工艺主要采用破坏性拆解和目标拆解,没有考虑整体拆解的对环境影响的危害性,更加没有考虑后续的可再制造性。而同时,现有的绿色设计和制造研究领域仍缺乏对再制造拆解的研究。本课题研究面向机电产品再制造的绿色拆解工艺,探索再制造绿色拆解的基础理论和方法,提出和建立机电产品绿色拆解特征模型及其工艺序列决策方法,为废旧机电产品再制造技术的广泛应用及其科学工艺规程的制定提供理论依据和方法指导。首先,通过分析常见的再制造拆解方法和典型连接件的拆解规律,研究可再制造零件的影响因子及判定方法,并结合现有的绿色设计理论,提出了“绿色拆解特征”概念。进一步解释了“绿色拆解特征”内涵,重点研究了生态影响特征、可再制造特征和资源特征,并对各个特征下的指标进行量化,建立了映射矩阵。最后将机电产品拆解过程信息和映射矩阵相结合,构建了“绿色拆解特征”数学模型。其次,借助“绿色拆解特征”模型提取机电产品的绿色信息和可再制造信息,并将提取的信息分类、汇总,根据求得的权重值和评价软件得到相应的结果。然后通过回溯模型,将绿色拆解特征评价指标作为自变量,评价结果为因变量,进行SPSS多元线性回归分析,得出敏感性指标,从而指导拆解方案规划。进而,从废旧机电产品具体结构入手,找出重要的结构零部件。通过构建主要零部件的结构层次网络图,得到多条可行拆解序列。然后,以绿色拆解特征指标为目标,分别对这多条拆解序列进行决策,并按照最佳决策理想点法得到最优的一条拆解序列,依此来实现工艺序列决策。最后,在上述研究的基础上,以废旧汽车发电机为例,建立其绿色拆解特征模型,并提取出绿色与可再制造信息,借助回溯模型,得到发电机敏感性影响指标。进一步通过层次网络图得到发电机的拆解序列,并基于绿色拆解特征理想点法进行拆解序列决策,得到最优序列。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of domestic machinery manufacturing industry and the renewal of green design technology and theory, the speed of mechanical and electrical product updating and elimination in China has been accelerated, resulting in a large number of idle resources, and at the same time bringing about a bad impact on the environment. How to turn the "industrial waste" into a treasure and make full use of the potential value of the waste products has become a hot and difficult point in the field of advanced manufacturing technology. A large number of researches and practices show that the remanufacturing technology is an effective method for recycling waste resources. This technology can make parts and components "come back to life", which is of great significance to the sustainable development of energy and economy. The remanufacturing technology includes a series of key technical links, among which the disassembly process is the primary link. In order to realize the value of resource reuse and recycling to the greatest extent, we must develop scientific and effective dismantling process methods, and construct a remanufacturing oriented dismantling process system. The traditional disassembly process mainly adopts destructive and target disassembly without considering the environmental impact of the whole disassembly and the subsequent remanufacturing. At the same time, the existing green design and manufacturing research field is still lack of research on remanufacturing dismantling. In this paper, the green dismantling process for the remanufacture of electromechanical products is studied, the basic theory and method of green dismantling for remanufacturing are explored, and the characteristic model of green dismantling of electromechanical products and its process sequence decision method are put forward and established. It provides theoretical basis and method guidance for the extensive application of waste electromechanical products remanufacturing technology and the formulation of scientific process rules. Firstly, by analyzing the common methods of remanufacturing disassembly and the rule of disassembly of typical connectors, the influence factors and judgment methods of remanufacturing parts are studied, and the concept of "green disassembly characteristics" is put forward in combination with the existing green design theory. The connotation of "green disassembly feature" is further explained, and the ecological impact characteristics, remanufacturing characteristics and resource characteristics are studied, and the mapping matrix is established by quantifying the indexes under each characteristic. Finally, combining the information of mechanical and electrical product disassembly process with mapping matrix, the mathematical model of "green disassembly characteristics" is constructed. Secondly, the green information and remanufacturing information of mechanical and electrical products are extracted by using the "green disassembly feature" model. The extracted information is classified and summarized, and the corresponding results are obtained according to the obtained weight value and the evaluation software. Then the evaluation index of green disassembly feature is regarded as independent variable and the evaluation result is dependent variable through backtracking model. SPSS multivariate linear regression analysis is carried out and sensitivity index is obtained to guide the disassembly scheme planning. Then, starting with the concrete structure of waste mechanical and electrical products, we find out the important structural parts. Several feasible disassembly sequences are obtained by constructing the hierarchical network diagram of main parts. Then, taking the characteristic index of green disassembly as the target, the decision of the disassembly sequence is made separately, and the optimal disassembly sequence is obtained according to the optimal decision ideal point method, according to which the decision of the process sequence is realized. Finally, on the basis of the above research, the green disassembly characteristic model of the waste automobile generator is established, and the green and remanufacturing information is extracted, and the sensitivity index of the generator is obtained by means of the backtracking model. Furthermore, the disassembly sequence of generator is obtained by hierarchical network diagram, and the optimal sequence is obtained by the decision of disassembly sequence based on the ideal point method of green disassembly feature.
【学位授予单位】：青岛理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TH16

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