面向绿色制造的工艺规划关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-07-14 18:23

【摘要】：绿色制造是现代制造业的一种可持续发展模式,其目标是使产品在整个生命周期中,资源消耗最小,环境负面影响最小,人体健康与安全危害最小,最终实现企业的经济效益与社会效益协调发展。绿色制造工艺规划是绿色制造的关键技术之一,它是通过对工艺要素和工艺过程等进行优化,来达到减少生产制造过程中的资源消耗和环境影响的一种规划方法。面向绿色制造的工艺规划并不是对传统工艺规划的否定,而是在传统工艺规划的基础上进行扩展和深入,它考虑到了工艺对资源和环境的影响,更加适应现代社会的发展需求,是对加工工艺进行绿色性改善的重要手段。本论文主要围绕面向绿色制造工艺规划的若干关键技术进行研究。范围包含工艺规划中的工艺要素规划和工艺过程规划,主要研究内容如下:(1)总结了国内外有关绿色制造及绿色工艺规划的研究现状和发展趋势,引出了本课题的研究意义。(2)介绍了机械加工过程的概念,面向绿色制造的工艺规划的概念,并根据绿色制造工艺规划的内涵建立了以切削加工工艺系统为例的资源流模型。对加工工艺过程中的资源消耗特性和环境影响特性进行了分析。(3)通过分析决策目标和约束因素,建立了以时间、成本、质量、能量消耗和环境污染为总体优化目标的刀具优化决策模型,并采用层次分析法和改进的ELECTRE法对模型进行求解,确定最优方案,最后通过案例,证明了该方法的有效性。(4)针对机床主轴,提出面向绿色制造的工艺路线决策方法,旨在优化主轴制造工艺过程,减少能源消耗。通过对主轴各加工单元间的优先关系进行分析,建立加工工艺有向图,并对其进行分组拓扑排序和全拓扑排序,得出满足约束关系的所有可行路线,然后根据最优标准进行判断和评价,得出主轴加工的最优工艺路线。(5)针对面向绿色制造的柔性作业车间调度问题,建立了以完工时间最优、能量消耗和环境影响最小为目标的调度模型,并采用遗传算法对模型进行求解。根据模型特点,采用机器染色体和工序染色体两种编码,并对初始种群的形成机制进行改进,采用精英策略和锦标赛法进行种群选择,两种染色体分别进行交叉和变异操作。最后通过实例对改进的遗传算法进行测试,并与其他方法的测试结果进行比较,验证了该算法的可行性和有效性。
[Abstract]:Green manufacturing is a kind of sustainable development mode of modern manufacturing industry. Its goal is to minimize the consumption of resources, the least negative impact on the environment, and the least harm to human health and safety in the whole life cycle of products. Finally, realize the coordinated development of economic and social benefits of enterprises. Green manufacturing process planning is one of the key technologies of green manufacturing. It is a planning method to reduce resource consumption and environmental impact by optimizing process elements and process processes. Green manufacturing oriented process planning is not a negation of traditional process planning, but is expanded and deepened on the basis of traditional process planning. It takes into account the influence of process on resources and environment and adapts to the development needs of modern society. It is an important means to improve the green property of processing technology. This paper focuses on some key technologies for green manufacturing process planning. The scope includes process element planning and process planning in process planning. The main research contents are as follows: (1) the research status and development trend of green manufacturing and green process planning at home and abroad are summarized. The research significance of this subject is introduced. (2) the concept of machining process and the concept of green manufacturing oriented process planning are introduced. According to the connotation of green manufacturing process planning, a resource flow model taking cutting process system as an example is established. The characteristics of resource consumption and environmental impact in processing process are analyzed. (3) by analyzing the decision goal and constraint factors, the time, cost and quality are established. The tool optimization decision model with energy consumption and environmental pollution as the overall optimization goal is solved by using AHP and improved ELECTRE method to determine the optimal scheme. Finally, a case study is carried out. It is proved that this method is effective. (4) for the machine tool spindle, a green manufacturing oriented process decision method is proposed to optimize the spindle manufacturing process and reduce energy consumption. Through the analysis of the priority relation among the main shaft processing units, the processing process directed graph is established, and the grouping topological sort and the full topological sort are carried out, and all feasible routes satisfying the constraint relation are obtained. Then according to the optimal criteria, the optimal process route of spindle processing is obtained. (5) aiming at the problem of flexible job shop scheduling for green manufacturing, the optimal completion time is established. A scheduling model with minimum energy consumption and environmental impact is proposed and the genetic algorithm is used to solve the model. According to the characteristics of the model, two kinds of codes, machine chromosome and process chromosome, were adopted, and the formation mechanism of initial population was improved. The elite strategy and tournament method were used to select the population, and the two chromosomes were crossover and mutated respectively. Finally, an example is given to test the improved genetic algorithm, and compared with the test results of other methods, the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm are verified.
【学位授予单位】：石家庄铁道大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TH16

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