基于改进型HILBERT-HUANG变换的旋转机械故障诊断系统设计

发布时间：2018-07-18 07:10

【摘要】：旋转机械是医疗、电力、航空等领域的关键设备,保障它们的安全运行具有非常重要的意义。由于机械振动参数可以直接反映设备的运行状态,所以振动信号分析常用于旋转设备的维护及状态监测。对于大多数振动信号有显著的非平稳性,使得故障检测困难,本文开发了基于改进型Hilbert-Huang变换的旋转机械故障诊断系统。该系统不仅具有采集通道多、采样速度快、采集精度高等特点,而且可以自动进行振动信号分析和设备故障诊断。系统主要由外接传感器、集成式振动信号采集器以及上位机软件三大部分组成。对于振动信号采集器,其主要以ARM和FPGA为核心架构,实现8路振动信号的同步采集功能。其中各通道均设计有传感器接口切换电路、信号调理电路以及模数转换(ADC)电路。接口切换电路可根据实际需求接入不同类型的传感器。对8路信号同步采集时,采样速率可达150KHz。此外,该采集器还设计有串口、以太网卡接口来实现与上位机之间的通信。上位机软件在LabVIEW开发环境下进行设计,主要实现采集参数设置、数据保存以及信号的分析处理三种功能。该软件通过网口对采集器进行参数配置,所采集的数据可利用计算机的海量存储资源进行保存及回放。在信号的分析处理方面,本文深入研究了 Hilbert-Huang变换算法的原理,提出了相关匹配延拓法以及自适应集合经验模式分解算法。不仅降低了振动信号在经验模态分解时产生的分解误差,而且解决了集合经验模式分解中的参数选择问题,有效改善了Hilbert-Huang变换算法在旋转机械设备故障诊断中的分析效果。最后通过搭建振动实验平台对故障诊断系统进行了测试。测试结果表明,本系统可以较好地提取旋转机械的故障特征。
[Abstract]:Rotating machinery is the key equipment in the fields of medical treatment, electricity, aviation and so on. It is of great significance to ensure their safe operation. Because mechanical vibration parameters can directly reflect the operating state of the equipment, vibration signal analysis is often used in the maintenance and monitoring of rotating equipment. For most vibration signals have remarkable non-stationary, make fault detection difficult, this paper developed a rotating machinery fault diagnosis system based on improved Hilbert-Huang transform. The system not only has the characteristics of many acquisition channels, fast sampling speed and high acquisition accuracy, but also can automatically carry out vibration signal analysis and equipment fault diagnosis. The system is mainly composed of external sensor, integrated vibration signal collector and PC software. For the vibration signal collector, arm and FPGA are used as the core architecture to realize the synchronous acquisition function of 8 channels vibration signal. Among them, each channel has sensor interface switch circuit, signal conditioning circuit and ADC circuit. Interface switching circuit can access different types of sensors according to actual needs. The sampling rate can reach 150 kHz when 8 channels of signals are collected synchronously. In addition, the collector also designed serial port, Ethernet card interface to achieve communication with the host computer. The upper computer software is designed under LabVIEW development environment, which mainly realizes three functions, such as collecting parameter setting, data saving and signal analysis and processing. The software configures the parameters of the collector through the network interface, and the collected data can be saved and played back by using the massive storage resources of the computer. In the aspect of signal analysis and processing, the principle of Hilbert-Huang transform algorithm is deeply studied, and the correlation matching continuation method and the adaptive set empirical mode decomposition algorithm are proposed. It not only reduces the decomposition error of vibration signal in empirical mode decomposition, but also solves the problem of parameter selection in set empirical mode decomposition, and effectively improves the analysis effect of Hilbert-Huang transform algorithm in fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. Finally, the fault diagnosis system is tested by building a vibration experimental platform. The test results show that the system can extract the fault features of rotating machinery.
【学位授予单位】：天津工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH17

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