锥型节流阀流量及噪声特性的研究

发布时间：2018-07-29 13:49

【摘要】：锥型节流阀由于结构简单、密封性好、灵敏度高、抗污染能力强等优点,广泛应用于液压系统的主油路、液压阀的先导级和液压泵的调节机构中。由于锥型节流阀节流槽的结构众多,引起节流阀的流量特性、压力特性及气穴噪声特性等各不相同,从而对液压系统产生不同的控制特性,并伴随着不同程度的气穴噪声。这些问题不仅增加液压系统控制的难度,而且产生的气穴噪声污染环境,影响现场工作者的身心健康。深入研究锥型节流阀的流量特性和气穴噪声特性具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。本文通过ADINA软件中的流固耦合模块对矩形、U形和三角形节流槽的锥型节流阀内流场进行了流场仿真,并搭建了锥型节流阀流量及噪声特性试验台。通过对比,分析不同节流槽的锥型节流阀流量及气穴噪声特性。首先,综述了液压阀流量及气穴特性的研究现状,概述了研究中存在的问题;简单介绍了计算流体力学理论、气穴理论及声学理论。其次,利用三维软件Solidworks和有限元仿真软件ADINA建立了矩形、U形和三角形(45°、53°、60°)节流槽节流阀的仿真模型,通过流固耦合模块获得了不同节流阀的压力和流速分布特征,以云图的形式展示了锥型节流阀内流场的特性。最后,基于节流槽阀口的结构特征,推导了不同锥型节流阀的阀口过流面积计算公式;利用MATLAB软件编写了通用的计算程序;搭建了锥型节流阀流量及噪声特性试验台,获得了压力、流量和噪声的试验数据;结合过流面积计算程序得出了不同结构锥型节流阀的流量系数;同时,结合噪声声级和噪声频率,分析了锥型节流阀的气穴噪声特性。
[Abstract]:The tapered throttle valve is widely used in the main oil circuit of hydraulic system, the pilot stage of hydraulic valve and the regulating mechanism of hydraulic pump because of its simple structure, good sealing, high sensitivity, strong anti-pollution ability and so on. Because of the numerous structure of tapered throttle grooves, the throttle valve flow characteristics, pressure characteristics and cavitation noise characteristics are different, resulting in different control characteristics of hydraulic system, and accompanied by different levels of cavitation noise. These problems not only increase the difficulty of hydraulic system control, but also pollute the environment by cavitation noise, and affect the physical and mental health of workers. It is of great theoretical significance and practical value to study the flow characteristics and cavitation noise characteristics of tapered throttle valves. In this paper, the flow field of the conical throttle with rectangular U-shaped and triangular throttle is simulated by the fluid-solid coupling module in ADINA software, and the test bench of the flow and noise characteristics of the tapered throttle is built. The flow rate and cavitation noise characteristics of conical throttle valves with different throttle slots are analyzed by comparison. Firstly, the research status of hydraulic valve flow and cavitation characteristics is reviewed, and the problems in the study are summarized, and the theories of computational fluid dynamics, cavitation and acoustics are briefly introduced. Secondly, using three-dimensional software Solidworks and finite element simulation software ADINA, the simulation models of rectangular U-shaped and triangular (45 掳~ 53 掳~ 60 掳) throttle valve are established. The pressure and velocity distribution characteristics of different throttle valves are obtained by fluid-solid coupling module. The characteristics of flow field in conical throttle valve are shown in the form of cloud diagram. Finally, based on the structural characteristics of throttle valve, the calculation formula of flow area of different tapered throttle valve is deduced, the general calculation program is compiled by MATLAB software, and the test bed of flow rate and noise characteristic of conical throttle valve is built. The experimental data of pressure, flow rate and noise are obtained; the flow coefficient of conical throttle valves with different structures is obtained by using the program of over-flow area calculation; at the same time, the cavitation noise characteristics of conical throttle valves are analyzed by combining the noise level and noise frequency.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TH137.52

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