自适应缓冲气缸研究

发布时间：2018-10-31 11:30

【摘要】：在当代工业自动化、智能化发展过程中,气缸作为常用的气动执行机构,其动态性能对生产效率提高具有重要意义。在气缸设计中,缓冲结构的设计是关键技术。现有气缸产品主要采用针阀及溢流阀式缓冲结构,根据使用工况需调节针阀或溢流阀开度从而得到良好缓冲效果,缓冲调节费时费力,当供气压力、负载质量及调速阀开度等工况变化时,气缸的缓冲状态被破坏,行程末端会出现撞击及反弹等现象,缩短气缸使用寿命,降低生产效率。所以本文的目标是设计自适应缓冲气缸,无需缓冲调节即对外部工况具有较宽自适应范围。本文针对溢流阀式缓冲气缸进行变工况实验研究,通过分析供气压力、负载质量、调速阀开度等工况变化时气缸的缓冲特性,阐述工况变化时缓冲被破坏的机理。采用变排气截面积的自适应缓冲设计思路,计算得到缓冲排气面积变化曲线。气缸运行过程中,当缓冲腔排气面积小于调速阀排气面积时,气缸开始缓冲,故缓冲起始点与排气面积有关。缓冲长度与缓冲能量相关。在不同气缸运行速度时,求解排气面积与缓冲长度,得到缓冲排气面积变化曲线,并设计自适应缓冲结构。在自适应缓冲结构基础上,设计自适应缓冲气缸,装配气缸样机并进行实验验证。最低使用压力及泄漏量测量结果证明了气缸设计的正确性。缓冲实验结果证明,基于缓冲起始点的变截面排气缓冲的设计思想是正确的,在供气压力0.4～0.6 MPa、质量负载6.48～21.48kg工况下,自适应缓冲气缸具有较好的缓冲特性,不需调节即可得到较好的缓冲效果。
[Abstract]:In the process of modern industrial automation and intelligent development, the dynamic performance of cylinder, as a commonly used pneumatic actuator, plays an important role in improving production efficiency. In the cylinder design, the design of buffer structure is the key technology. The existing cylinder products mainly use needle valve and relief valve type buffer structure, according to the operating conditions need to adjust the opening of needle valve or relief valve to get a good buffer effect, buffer adjustment takes time and effort, when the supply pressure, When the load mass and the opening of the speed regulating valve are changed, the buffer state of the cylinder is destroyed, the impact and rebound will appear at the end of the stroke, the service life of the cylinder will be shortened, and the production efficiency will be reduced. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to design an adaptive buffer cylinder, which has a wide adaptive range for external operating conditions without buffering adjustment. In this paper, an experimental study is carried out on the relief valve type buffer cylinder under varying working conditions. By analyzing the buffer characteristics of the cylinder when the air supply pressure, load mass and the opening of the speed regulating valve are changed, the mechanism of the damage of the buffer when the working condition is changed is expounded. Using the adaptive buffer design idea of variable exhaust section area, the change curve of buffer exhaust area is calculated. During the operation of the cylinder, when the exhaust area of the buffer chamber is less than the exhaust area of the speed regulating valve, the cylinder begins to buffer, so the starting point of the buffer is related to the exhaust area. The buffer length is related to the buffer energy. At different cylinder speeds, the exhaust area and the buffer length are solved, the curve of the buffer exhaust area is obtained, and the adaptive buffer structure is designed. Based on the adaptive buffer structure, the adaptive buffer cylinder is designed, and the prototype of the cylinder is assembled and verified by experiments. The test results of minimum operating pressure and leakage amount prove the correctness of the cylinder design. The result of buffer experiment proves that the design idea of variable section exhaust buffer based on the starting point of buffer is correct, under the condition of the supply pressure of 0.40. 6 MPa, mass loaded 6.48~21.48kg, The adaptive buffer cylinder has better buffering performance, and it can get better buffering effect without adjusting.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH138.51

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