船用电机滑动轴承优化设计及润滑特性研究
发布时间：2018-11-04 11:44
【摘要】：船用电机滑动轴承是船舶推进轴系的重要支撑部件,其工作性能的好坏将直接影响到船舶整体的动力性、经济性及使用寿命等。船用电机滑动轴承相对于普通滑动轴承,工况更加复杂。因为船舶在航行过程中,由于受到海浪等因素的影响,会存在摇摆,轴承本身工作平面也会不同程度的倾斜,这对轴承的性能等提出了更高的要求。因此,研究设计高可靠性的船用电机滑动轴承,对促进我国船舶行业的发展具有重要的意义。本文采用自适应权值粒子群算法对船用电机滑动轴承的结构进行了优化设计,并对其动、静态特性进行分析计算,计算了轴承-转子系统的失稳转速并分析了其稳定性,搭建了船用电机滑动轴承试验台对轴承进行了试验测试,验证了所设计轴承的合理性与正确性。具体内容如下:(1)采用自适应粒子群算法对滑动轴承进行了优化设计,建立了卧式滑动轴承结构的优化数学模型,在分别求解三个单目标函数的情况后,得到多目标优化模型,对其进行优化求解,并与原设计模型对比分析。(2)采用有限差分法,求解了等温条件下的定常雷诺方程,得到了滑动轴承的静态特性,并分析了结构参数等对其的影响;考虑粘温效应后,综合雷诺方程与能量方程,采用步进法与差分法联立求解,得到了温度场的分布和各项静态特性,分析了粘温效应对各项静态特性的影响。(3)研究了滑动轴承的动态特性,推导并采用压力扰动法求解出了非定常雷诺方程,得到了基于小扰动的轴承-转子系统的八个动态系数参数值,并分析结构参数对刚度系数、阻尼系数的影响;分析了油膜失稳机理,推导并实际计算了失稳转速,并分析了结构参数对失稳转速的影响。(4)搭建了船用电机滑动轴承试验台,根据实际工况,进行了常规试验与冲击试验,模拟了轴承在水平、倾斜、冲击等工况下的工作情况,得到了滑动轴承在不同工况下的润滑油温度变化情况、试验轴承瓦温的变化情况,以及各种工况下轴瓦的磨损情况。研究表明,轴承的偏心率和宽径比对轴承静态、动态特性均有不同程度的影响,并且会影响轴承-转子系统的稳定性。因此在设计滑动轴承结构时,必须综合考虑偏心率和宽径比的影响。相同条件下,粘温效应对轴承静态性能的影响比较明显。在设计轴承时,特别是高速情况下,不可忽略温度的影响。对APSO优化后所得到的船用电机滑动轴承进行了试验测试,其温升等性能稳定,验证了所设计轴承的合理性与正确性。
[Abstract]:Marine motor sliding bearing is an important supporting part of marine propulsion shafting, and its working performance will directly affect the power performance, economy and service life of the ship as a whole. Compared with ordinary plain bearings, marine motor sliding bearings are more complicated. Due to the influence of wave and other factors, the ship will swing and the working plane of the bearing will tilt to different degrees, which puts forward higher requirements for the performance of the bearing. Therefore, the research and design of high reliability marine motor sliding bearings is of great significance to promote the development of ship industry in China. In this paper, adaptive weight particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the structure of marine motor sliding bearing, and its dynamic and static characteristics are analyzed and calculated. The unstable speed of bearing-rotor system is calculated and its stability is analyzed. A marine motor sliding bearing test rig is built to test the bearing and verify the rationality and correctness of the designed bearing. The main contents are as follows: (1) the adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the design of sliding bearing, and the optimization mathematical model of horizontal sliding bearing structure is established. The multi-objective optimization model is obtained, and compared with the original design model. (2) the steady Reynolds equation under isothermal condition is solved by using the finite difference method, and the static characteristics of the sliding bearing are obtained. The influence of structural parameters on it is also analyzed. Considering the viscous temperature effect, the Reynolds equation and the energy equation are synthetically solved by the step method and the difference method. The distribution of the temperature field and the static characteristics of the temperature field are obtained. The influence of visco-temperature effect on the static characteristics is analyzed. (3) the dynamic characteristics of sliding bearings are studied, and the unsteady Reynolds equation is derived and solved by the pressure perturbation method. Eight dynamic coefficient parameters of bearing-rotor system based on small disturbance are obtained, and the influence of structural parameters on stiffness coefficient and damping coefficient is analyzed. The mechanism of oil film instability is analyzed, the unstable rotational speed is deduced and calculated, and the influence of structural parameters on the instability speed is analyzed. (4) A marine motor sliding bearing test rig is built, which is based on the actual working conditions. The conventional test and impact test were carried out to simulate the working conditions of the bearing under horizontal, inclined and impact conditions, and the variation of the lubricating oil temperature and the bearing tile temperature of the sliding bearing under different working conditions were obtained. And the wear of bearing bush under various working conditions. The results show that the eccentricity and the ratio of width to diameter have different influence on the static and dynamic characteristics of the bearing and will affect the stability of the bearing-rotor system. Therefore, the influence of eccentricity and width to diameter ratio must be taken into account when designing sliding bearing structure. Under the same conditions, the effect of viscosity temperature on the static performance of bearing is obvious. In the design of bearings, especially at high speed, the influence of temperature should not be ignored. The APSO optimized marine motor sliding bearing is tested, and its temperature rise is stable, which verifies the rationality and correctness of the designed bearing.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U665.11;TH133.31
本文编号：2309729
[Abstract]:Marine motor sliding bearing is an important supporting part of marine propulsion shafting, and its working performance will directly affect the power performance, economy and service life of the ship as a whole. Compared with ordinary plain bearings, marine motor sliding bearings are more complicated. Due to the influence of wave and other factors, the ship will swing and the working plane of the bearing will tilt to different degrees, which puts forward higher requirements for the performance of the bearing. Therefore, the research and design of high reliability marine motor sliding bearings is of great significance to promote the development of ship industry in China. In this paper, adaptive weight particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the structure of marine motor sliding bearing, and its dynamic and static characteristics are analyzed and calculated. The unstable speed of bearing-rotor system is calculated and its stability is analyzed. A marine motor sliding bearing test rig is built to test the bearing and verify the rationality and correctness of the designed bearing. The main contents are as follows: (1) the adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the design of sliding bearing, and the optimization mathematical model of horizontal sliding bearing structure is established. The multi-objective optimization model is obtained, and compared with the original design model. (2) the steady Reynolds equation under isothermal condition is solved by using the finite difference method, and the static characteristics of the sliding bearing are obtained. The influence of structural parameters on it is also analyzed. Considering the viscous temperature effect, the Reynolds equation and the energy equation are synthetically solved by the step method and the difference method. The distribution of the temperature field and the static characteristics of the temperature field are obtained. The influence of visco-temperature effect on the static characteristics is analyzed. (3) the dynamic characteristics of sliding bearings are studied, and the unsteady Reynolds equation is derived and solved by the pressure perturbation method. Eight dynamic coefficient parameters of bearing-rotor system based on small disturbance are obtained, and the influence of structural parameters on stiffness coefficient and damping coefficient is analyzed. The mechanism of oil film instability is analyzed, the unstable rotational speed is deduced and calculated, and the influence of structural parameters on the instability speed is analyzed. (4) A marine motor sliding bearing test rig is built, which is based on the actual working conditions. The conventional test and impact test were carried out to simulate the working conditions of the bearing under horizontal, inclined and impact conditions, and the variation of the lubricating oil temperature and the bearing tile temperature of the sliding bearing under different working conditions were obtained. And the wear of bearing bush under various working conditions. The results show that the eccentricity and the ratio of width to diameter have different influence on the static and dynamic characteristics of the bearing and will affect the stability of the bearing-rotor system. Therefore, the influence of eccentricity and width to diameter ratio must be taken into account when designing sliding bearing structure. Under the same conditions, the effect of viscosity temperature on the static performance of bearing is obvious. In the design of bearings, especially at high speed, the influence of temperature should not be ignored. The APSO optimized marine motor sliding bearing is tested, and its temperature rise is stable, which verifies the rationality and correctness of the designed bearing.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U665.11;TH133.31
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