基于加窗同步平均的行星齿轮箱故障特征提取

发布时间：2018-11-21 06:55

【摘要】：行星齿轮箱为机械设备的重要传动部件之一,与常规定轴齿轮箱传动相比,其具有体积小,承载能力大,工作平稳等优点。然而,行星齿轮箱通常运行环境恶劣(如风电机组),齿轮易发生点蚀和裂纹等局部损伤,其已成为目前故障诊断领域的重要监测对象。行星齿轮传动远比定轴齿轮传动复杂,其传动系统包括太阳轮、行星轮、行星架和齿圈等。行星轮的转动既包括相对自身转轴的自转,又包括绕着太阳轮的公转,并且行星轮、太阳轮和齿圈同时啮合,是典型的复合运动。若将振动传感器安装在固定箱体正上方,则行星齿轮系统啮合振源产生的振动信号相对传感器的位置是时变的。此外,为使受载均匀,行星轮数量往往不止一个,其振动信号是不同旋转位置行星轮、齿圈和太阳轮啮合振动信号的叠加,往往被其他信号所湮没,特征提取较为困难。振动信号特征分析是机械故障诊断中较为常用的方法,通过对振动信号特征的提取可以有效判断机械是否存在故障。如何从含有复杂背景噪声干扰的振动信号中准确提取出行星齿轮箱故障特征信息,是目前齿轮故障诊断领域的研究热点,这也是本论文探讨和研究的主要内容。本论文就典型行星齿轮传动机构(齿圈固定,一个太阳轮、三个行星轮、)展开深入的分析研究,因行星齿轮箱传输路径具有时变性特点,在总结前人研究成果的基础上,提出了一种适合时变传递路径及变速工况的角域加窗同步平均技术。首先利用Tukey窗对故障振动信号进行加窗处理,抑制时变传输路径的影响,获取有用振动信号;其次利用计算阶比跟踪对加窗信号进行等角度重采样,转换为准平稳角域信号,再进行同步平均,可有效减少转速、载荷波动等造成非平稳对振动信号影响以及抑制非同步噪声干扰。并在上述的研究基础上,提出了基于频移和谱线编辑的行星齿轮箱故障窄带解调分析技术,通过对其阶比谱自动编辑分离出行星齿轮箱故障主要啮合阶比分量后恢复到角域信号,并对其进行幅值解调和基于频移的相位解调,实现对行星齿轮箱齿根裂纹故障的特征提取。配合上述理论研究,在论文研究中进行了实际测试研究,实测试验结果验证了所提出方法的有效性。
[Abstract]:Planetary gearbox is one of the important transmission parts of mechanical equipment. Compared with conventional fixed axis gearbox transmission, planetary gearbox has the advantages of small volume, large bearing capacity and stable operation. However, the planetary gearbox usually runs in a bad environment (such as wind turbine), and the gears are prone to local damage such as pitting and cracking, which has become an important monitoring object in the field of fault diagnosis. Planetary gear transmission is more complicated than fixed axis gear transmission, and its transmission system includes solar wheel, planetary frame and gear ring. The rotation of the planetary wheel includes both the rotation relative to its own axis and the rotation around the sun wheel, and the planetary wheel, the solar wheel and the gear ring are engaged at the same time, which is a typical composite motion. If the vibration sensor is installed directly above the fixed box, the position of the vibration signal generated by the meshing vibration source of the planetary gear system is time-varying in relation to the sensor. In addition, in order to make the load uniform, the number of planetary wheels is often more than one, and the vibration signal is the superposition of the meshing vibration signals of different rotation positions, the gear ring and the solar wheel are often annihilated by other signals, so it is difficult to extract the characteristics. Vibration signal feature analysis is a common method in mechanical fault diagnosis. The feature extraction of vibration signal can effectively judge whether machinery has fault or not. How to extract the fault feature information of planetary gearbox accurately from the vibration signal with complex background noise is a hot research topic in the field of gear fault diagnosis, which is also the main content of this paper. In this paper, the typical planetary gear transmission mechanism (gear ring fixed, one solar wheel, three planetary gear) is deeply studied. Because the transmission path of planetary gearbox is time-varying, based on summarizing the previous research results, A new angular windowed synchronous averaging technique for time-varying transfer paths and variable speed conditions is proposed. Firstly, the fault vibration signal is processed by Tukey window to suppress the influence of time-varying transmission path and obtain the useful vibration signal. Secondly, using the order tracking to resample the windowed signal at equal angles, converting the quasi-stationary angle domain signal, and then synchronizing averaging, the rotational speed can be effectively reduced. The nonstationary effect on vibration signal and the suppression of asynchronous noise disturbance are caused by load fluctuation. Based on the above research, a narrowband demodulation analysis technique for planetary gearbox fault based on frequency shift and spectral line editing is proposed. The main meshing order component of the planetary gearbox fault is separated by automatic editing of the order spectrum, and the signal is recovered to the angle domain, and the amplitude demodulation and the phase demodulation based on frequency shift are carried out. The feature extraction of root crack fault of planetary gear box is realized. According to the above theoretical research, a practical test is carried out in this paper, and the experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH132.425

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