塔机垮塌事故分析方法的研究

发布时间：2018-12-13 14:43

【摘要】：随着城市化进程的加快,塔式起重机作为中高层建筑施工中不可缺少的运输工具,使用量不断上升,与此同时有关塔式起重机的垮塌事故也接踵而来。塔机垮塌事故发生严重威胁施工人员和周边人员的生命、延缓工程进度,给社会造成巨大的经济损失。及时找出垮塌事故原因,确定事故责任,明定赔偿方案是解决各个方面矛盾的关键,同时也为制定事故预防措施提供宝贵借鉴,对提高塔机安全管理水平具有重要的实际意义。当前,国内常采用故障树法对塔机垮塌事故原因进行分析认定,但因构造故障树多余量繁重、难度大、分析过程不够直观等缺点,往往会脱缓分析进度,加大塔机垮塌事故分析难度。本课题针对当前塔机垮塌事故分析方法的不足,以国家安全监管总局资助项目“塔式起重机虚拟再现关键技术研究及应用”为依托,结合有限元分析法和虚拟现实技术在相关事故分析领域的研究成果,为塔机垮塌事故分析提出一种新方法。该分析方法基于虚拟现实技术的可观性和有限元分析结果的准确性,降低了塔机垮塌事故分析难度,提高塔机垮塌事故分析的准确性,有助于塔机垮塌事故分析的顺利进行,缩短了塔机垮塌事故分析的周期。本文主要围绕以下二个方面开展工作:(1)构建塔机垮塌事故再现虚拟现实系统。基于现有塔机垮塌事故分析资料和相关专家的经验、意见,确定垮塌事故系统的总体构建方案,运用三维建模软件UG、3Ds Max建立塔机模型及周围场景模型,利用虚拟现实开发平台Quest3D开发出一套完整的塔机垮塌事故再现仿真系统。(2)塔机事故分析、仿真。总结前人构建塔机有限元模型的简化方法,在ANSYS中利用APDL语言建立塔机模型,结合实际工况,针对塔机不同部位的失效情况进行分析计算,研究事故发生机理,利用塔机垮塌事故再现虚拟现实系统对有限元分析结果进行模拟、仿真,为塔机垮塌事故分析提供动态的、可视化的讨论方案提供依据。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization, the use of tower cranes, as an indispensable transport vehicle in the construction of high-rise buildings, has been increasing. At the same time, the collapse of tower cranes has been followed one after another. The collapse of tower crane seriously threatens the lives of the construction personnel and the surrounding personnel, delays the progress of the project, and causes huge economic losses to the society. It is the key to solve the contradiction in every aspect to find out the cause of the collapse in time, to determine the responsibility of the accident and to fix the compensation scheme. At the same time, it provides valuable reference for formulating the accident prevention measures, which has important practical significance for improving the safety management level of the tower crane. At present, the fault tree method is often used to analyze and determine the cause of tower crane collapse accident. However, due to the disadvantages of heavy allowance and difficulty in constructing the fault tree, the analysis process is not intuitive enough, the progress of analysis is often removed. Increase the tower crane collapse accident analysis difficulty. In view of the deficiency of the current analysis method of tower crane collapse accident, this topic is based on the project "Research and Application of Virtual Reconstruction key Technology of Tower Crane" funded by the State Security Administration. Combined with the research results of finite element analysis and virtual reality technology in the field of accident analysis, a new method for tower crane collapse accident analysis is proposed. Based on the observability of virtual reality technology and the accuracy of finite element analysis results, the analysis method reduces the difficulty of analyzing tower crane collapse accident, improves the accuracy of tower crane collapse accident analysis, and contributes to the successful analysis of tower crane collapse accident. The analysis period of tower crane collapse accident is shortened. This paper mainly focuses on the following two aspects: (1) constructing a virtual reality system for tower crane collapse. Based on the existing data of tower crane collapse analysis and the experience of relevant experts, the overall construction scheme of collapse accident system is determined, and the tower crane model and surrounding scene model are established by using three-dimensional modeling software UG,3Ds Max. A complete simulation system of tower crane collapse accident is developed by using virtual reality development platform Quest3D. (2) Tower crane accident analysis and simulation. This paper summarizes the simplified method of building the finite element model of tower crane in ANSYS, establishes the tower crane model by APDL language in ANSYS, analyzes and calculates the failure situation of different parts of tower crane in combination with actual working conditions, and studies the mechanism of accidents. The finite element analysis results are simulated and simulated by using the virtual reality system of tower crane collapse accident reappearance, which provides a basis for dynamic and visual discussion of tower crane collapse accident analysis.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TH213.3

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