抗负载波动回转控制阀优化设计研究
发布时间：2018-12-24 21:02
【摘要】：起重机械作为传统的代替人力劳动的机械,能将重物从一处水平或垂直移至指定的另一处,广泛应用于工业运输和民用建筑中。液压传动由于传动比大、抗污染性能好和工作寿命长等优点而广泛应用于工程机械,起重机完成作业的传动方式就是液压传动。回转系统是起重机液压系统的重要组成部分,起重机起吊重物时回转惯量较大,启停时若不采取任何措施则压力和流量会产生较大冲击和波动,对起重机的机械零件会造成疲劳破坏,降低零件的使用寿命。带载回转时受外力影响回转系统的负载变化范围很大,负载变化往往会引起回转速度的不稳定。回转控制阀国内外产品不多,故有必要对回转系统控制阀展开深入研究,克服技术难关,研发出性能优越的回转系统控制阀。本学位论文以起重机回转液压系统控制阀为研究对象,对已有的抗负载波动回转阀在实车试验中出现的问题进行了说明,详细分析了问题出现的原因,并给出优化方案。通过合理设置六通换向阀节流口形状和阀口开口度增大了小开口时的流量,增加缓冲阀并调节其螺纹阻尼得到合适的缓冲压力,减少启制动滞后和改善滞后平稳性。建立了回转系统控制阀的数学模型,并运用Simulink和AMESim进行仿真研究。绘制零件图纸并加工出优化后的回转系统控制阀。对优化后的回转阀的稳态特性、动态特性和负载波动特性等进行了全面的试验测试。新型回转系统控制阀动态启动迅速,启动平稳,制动时较原阀平稳。本论文的研究为回转阀的研发提供了理论支持和设计思路参考。论文研究内容分为7章,现分别简述各章内容：第1章,介绍了起重机的基本作用和简要分类、起重机液压系统的组成和回转系统控制阀的现状,论述了本论文的研究意义、研究方法和主要研究内容。第2章,介绍了抗负载波动回转控制阀的工作原理,说明此阀实车试验出现的问题,建立了此阀的AMESim仿真模型,并与卖车曲线对比,还原问题曲线。第3章,建立了旁路补偿六通阀控制液压马达的数学模型,并用Simulink搭建了整体仿真模型,合理设置初始条件完成动态和稳态下的仿真。第4章,分析了抗负载波动回转控制阀实车出现问题的原因,结合仿真模型对阀进行优化设计,改变六通阀进油节流口和旁路口节流口的面积比,确立新型缓冲阀方案,并对优化后的回转阀性能进行了全面的仿真分析。第5章,在台架上测试了优化后的回转阀的稳态特性、动态特性和负载波动特性,并与原阀作比较,分析了各个阀的优缺点。第6章,在ZMC85起重机上做了优化后的回转阀的实车试验,通过实车试验数据,验证了此阀的抗负载波动特性,动态开启快速性和制动平稳性。第7章,总结了本论文的主要工作,根据现状对课题的后续研究给出了建议。
[Abstract]:As the traditional machinery instead of human labor, lifting machinery can move the weight from one horizontal or vertical to another, and it is widely used in industrial transportation and civil buildings. Hydraulic transmission is widely used in construction machinery because of its high transmission ratio, good anti-pollution performance and long working life. The transmission mode of crane is hydraulic transmission. The rotary system is an important part of the hydraulic system of the crane. The moment of inertia of the crane is larger when lifting the heavy object. If no measures are taken, the pressure and the flow rate will be greatly impacted and fluctuated. The mechanical parts of the crane will cause fatigue damage and reduce the service life of the parts. Under the influence of external force, the load variation range of rotating system with load is very large, and the change of load will often lead to the instability of rotation speed. Since there are few products at home and abroad, it is necessary to study the control valve of rotary system, overcome the technical difficulties, and develop the control valve with superior performance. This thesis takes the control valve of the crane's rotary hydraulic system as the research object, explains the problems of the existing anti-load fluctuating rotary valve in the actual vehicle test, analyzes the causes of the problems in detail, and gives the optimized scheme. The throttle shape and opening degree of the six-way reversing valve can increase the flow rate when the opening is small, increase the buffer valve and adjust the thread damping to get the appropriate buffer pressure, reduce the starting and braking delay and improve the hysteresis stability. The mathematical model of the control valve of rotary system is established, and the simulation research is carried out by using Simulink and AMESim. Drawing the parts and machining the optimized rotary control valve. The steady-state, dynamic and load fluctuation characteristics of the optimized rotary valve were tested. The control valve of the new rotary system starts quickly and starts smoothly, and the braking time is more stable than the original valve. The research in this paper provides theoretical support and design ideas for the R & D of rotary valves. The research contents are divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the basic function and classification of crane, the composition of crane hydraulic system and the status quo of rotary control valve, and discusses the research significance of this paper. Research methods and main contents. In chapter 2, the working principle of the anti-load fluctuating rotary control valve is introduced, the problems in the actual vehicle test of the valve are explained, the AMESim simulation model of the valve is established, and compared with the car selling curve, the problem curve is restored. In chapter 3, the mathematical model of hydraulic motor controlled by bypass compensation six-way valve is established, and the whole simulation model is built with Simulink, and the dynamic and steady simulation is completed by setting the initial conditions reasonably. In chapter 4, the reason of the problem of anti-load fluctuating rotary control valve is analyzed, and the optimization design of the valve is combined with the simulation model, and the area ratio of the intake throttle of the six-way valve and the throttle of the side junction is changed, and the new buffer valve scheme is established. The performance of the optimized rotary valve is simulated and analyzed. In chapter 5, the steady-state, dynamic and load fluctuation characteristics of the optimized rotary valve are tested on the bench, and compared with the original valve, the advantages and disadvantages of each valve are analyzed. In chapter 6, the actual vehicle test of the optimized rotary valve on ZMC85 crane is carried out. Through the actual vehicle test data, the anti-load fluctuation characteristic, the dynamic opening speed and the braking stability of the valve are verified. In chapter 7, the main work of this paper is summarized, and some suggestions are given according to the present situation.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TH134
本文编号：2390838
[Abstract]:As the traditional machinery instead of human labor, lifting machinery can move the weight from one horizontal or vertical to another, and it is widely used in industrial transportation and civil buildings. Hydraulic transmission is widely used in construction machinery because of its high transmission ratio, good anti-pollution performance and long working life. The transmission mode of crane is hydraulic transmission. The rotary system is an important part of the hydraulic system of the crane. The moment of inertia of the crane is larger when lifting the heavy object. If no measures are taken, the pressure and the flow rate will be greatly impacted and fluctuated. The mechanical parts of the crane will cause fatigue damage and reduce the service life of the parts. Under the influence of external force, the load variation range of rotating system with load is very large, and the change of load will often lead to the instability of rotation speed. Since there are few products at home and abroad, it is necessary to study the control valve of rotary system, overcome the technical difficulties, and develop the control valve with superior performance. This thesis takes the control valve of the crane's rotary hydraulic system as the research object, explains the problems of the existing anti-load fluctuating rotary valve in the actual vehicle test, analyzes the causes of the problems in detail, and gives the optimized scheme. The throttle shape and opening degree of the six-way reversing valve can increase the flow rate when the opening is small, increase the buffer valve and adjust the thread damping to get the appropriate buffer pressure, reduce the starting and braking delay and improve the hysteresis stability. The mathematical model of the control valve of rotary system is established, and the simulation research is carried out by using Simulink and AMESim. Drawing the parts and machining the optimized rotary control valve. The steady-state, dynamic and load fluctuation characteristics of the optimized rotary valve were tested. The control valve of the new rotary system starts quickly and starts smoothly, and the braking time is more stable than the original valve. The research in this paper provides theoretical support and design ideas for the R & D of rotary valves. The research contents are divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the basic function and classification of crane, the composition of crane hydraulic system and the status quo of rotary control valve, and discusses the research significance of this paper. Research methods and main contents. In chapter 2, the working principle of the anti-load fluctuating rotary control valve is introduced, the problems in the actual vehicle test of the valve are explained, the AMESim simulation model of the valve is established, and compared with the car selling curve, the problem curve is restored. In chapter 3, the mathematical model of hydraulic motor controlled by bypass compensation six-way valve is established, and the whole simulation model is built with Simulink, and the dynamic and steady simulation is completed by setting the initial conditions reasonably. In chapter 4, the reason of the problem of anti-load fluctuating rotary control valve is analyzed, and the optimization design of the valve is combined with the simulation model, and the area ratio of the intake throttle of the six-way valve and the throttle of the side junction is changed, and the new buffer valve scheme is established. The performance of the optimized rotary valve is simulated and analyzed. In chapter 5, the steady-state, dynamic and load fluctuation characteristics of the optimized rotary valve are tested on the bench, and compared with the original valve, the advantages and disadvantages of each valve are analyzed. In chapter 6, the actual vehicle test of the optimized rotary valve on ZMC85 crane is carried out. Through the actual vehicle test data, the anti-load fluctuation characteristic, the dynamic opening speed and the braking stability of the valve are verified. In chapter 7, the main work of this paper is summarized, and some suggestions are given according to the present situation.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TH134
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相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 吕九九;抗负载波动回转控制阀优化设计研究[D];浙江大学;2016年
，本文编号：2390838
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