基于可靠性的制造系统动态预防性维护及更换策略

发布时间：2019-01-01 15:47

【摘要】：一直以来,在企业生产中设备和系统的寿命、预防性维护、更换和经济效益等都是被热点关注的问题。在制定预防性维护策略时,除了考虑费用这个因素外,还要考虑生产过程中的一些问题,比如对于要完成生产活动不能续接工序的设备,其维护活动就要根据作业计划进行调整。所以,本文建立了一种动态的以作业计划为约束的预防性维护策略,又考虑到系统的衰退性就给出了更换策略,具体研究工作内容如下:⑴首先以单设备系统作为研究对象,建立设备在给定作业时间区间内的以设备综合变动成本增加最小为目标的预防性维护模型,该模型中考虑到设备维护前后可靠度的变化,故引入了“役龄递减因子”和“故障率递增因子”以改善模型,即将每次的预防性维护都视为修复非新的维护。对于这种具有衰退性的系统,文中用几何过程对衰退进行了描述,应用更新报酬理论,以系统长期运行下单位时间内效益最大为优化目标,建立了以维护次数作为决策变量的更换策略,并且该策略中考虑到预防性维护和事后小修同时对部件更换的影响。⑵在单设备的研究基础上,又针对多设备串联系统作了进一步研究,建模过程中除了考虑到单设备维护中的一些问题,还考虑到了设备间结构相关性对整个系统的影响,即串联系统中的单个设备的停机就会造成整个系统的停机。本文中的维护策略可以极大地减少系统的停机次数,这样能够降低维护成本。在建立设备更换模型的时候,以系统中两串联部件作为研究对象,给出了两种更换策略,两个策略都以维护次数作为更换决策变量。更换策略一是以系统长期运行下的平均费用率作为优化目标的。更换策略二是在单部件的基础之上进行方案改进使其适应串联系统,对于给出的两个方案最终以可用度作为衡量标准进行选择,然后确立为适合系统的最优更换策略。⑶最后是针对复杂系统的预防性维护进行研究的,混联系统中由于设备在结构上有串联和并联两种状态,所以混联系统较之串联系统要复杂的多,在建立维护模型时分别考虑了串联、并联的设备对系统的影响,给出了动态的不中断作业的预防性维护策略调整方案。
[Abstract]:The service life of equipment and system, preventive maintenance, replacement and economic benefit are the hot issues in the production of enterprises all the time. In developing preventive maintenance strategies, in addition to the cost factor, we also have to consider some problems in the production process, such as equipment that is unable to continue the process to complete the production activities. Its maintenance activities should be adjusted according to the operation plan. Therefore, this paper establishes a dynamic preventive maintenance strategy which is constrained by job plan, and gives a replacement strategy considering the decline of the system. The specific contents of the research are as follows: firstly, the single-device system is taken as the research object. A preventive maintenance model with the aim of minimizing the cost increase of the equipment in a given operating time range is established. The reliability changes before and after maintenance are taken into account in the model. Therefore, "service age decline factor" and "failure rate increasing factor" are introduced to improve the model, that is to say, every preventive maintenance is regarded as repairing non-new maintenance. For this degenerate system, the geometric process is used to describe the decline, and the updated reward theory is applied to optimize the system with maximum benefit per unit time under the long-term operation of the system. A replacement strategy with maintenance times as a decision variable is established, and the influence of preventive maintenance and minor repair on the replacement of components is considered in the strategy. 2 based on the research of single equipment, In the modeling process, not only some problems in the maintenance of single equipment are taken into account, but also the influence of the structural correlation between devices on the whole system is considered. In other words, the downtime of a single device in a series system will result in the downtime of the whole system. The maintenance strategy in this paper can greatly reduce the number of system downtime, which can reduce the maintenance cost. When the equipment replacement model is established, two kinds of replacement strategies are given, both of which take the maintenance times as the change decision variables, taking the two series components in the system as the research object. The replacement strategy is based on the average cost rate of long-term operation of the system. The second strategy is to improve the scheme on the basis of single component to adapt to the series system. Finally, the preventive maintenance of the complex system is studied. In the hybrid system, because the equipment has two states in series and parallel, Therefore, the hybrid system is more complex than the series system. In establishing the maintenance model, the influence of the series and parallel equipment on the system is taken into account, and the dynamic preventive maintenance strategy adjustment scheme without interruption is given.
【学位授予单位】：兰州理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH16

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