装载机铲斗设计

发布时间：2019-01-28 17:57

【摘要】：装载机铲斗作为用途最广的装载机工作机具,被大量应用在各个工程建设行业。铲斗的工作效率、强度、使用寿命、耐磨性等,都是被广泛关注的。关于这几方面的研究,行业内各生产厂家在装载机发展的不同阶段都作了大量的研究工作,提高工作效率,提高使用寿命。本文从装载机铲斗的实际设计工作出发,以铲斗工况及所受外载荷分析为基础,建立了合理斗形设计的理论方法,为装载机铲斗提高生产能力及工作效率提供了改进方向。根据某企业研发的3t/5t装载机用铲斗的设计要求,建立了有限元强度分析模型,分配了材料条件,对铲斗三维模型进行了网格划分,建立约束条件,施加载荷,进行了有限元分析,得到了铲斗等效应力图及寿命数据,根据分析结果确定了改进方案,并验证了改进后的铲斗强度。根据装载机铲斗典型焊缝形式的设计,结合焊接标准及规范,进行了焊缝结构设计改进,在常用焊缝结构基础上进一步改进了铲斗焊缝的连接强度。对装载机铲斗耐磨性的要求及常用耐磨材料进行了分析,对不同工况下铲斗耐磨零件的磨损机理及常用材料进行了介绍,并对装载机铲斗操作方法与磨损之间的关系进行了分析研究,得出减少磨损、控制使用的成本的操作技巧。最后,对装载机铲斗的常见失效形式进行了分析,为铲斗失效原因的判断及改进方案的确定提供了依据。
[Abstract]:As the most widely used loader, the loader bucket is widely used in various engineering industries. Bucket efficiency, strength, service life, wear resistance and so on, are widely concerned. As for the research of these aspects, the manufacturers in the industry have done a lot of research work in different stages of the development of loaders to improve the working efficiency and increase the service life. Based on the actual design work of the loader bucket and the analysis of the bucket working condition and the external load, the theoretical method of rational bucket design is established in this paper, which provides an improved direction for the loader bucket to improve its productive capacity and working efficiency. According to the design requirements of the bucket for 3t/5t loader developed by a certain enterprise, the finite element strength analysis model is established, the material condition is allocated, the three-dimensional model of the bucket is meshed, the constraint condition is established, and the load is applied. Finite element analysis was carried out, and the data of bucket equal effect effort and life were obtained. According to the analysis results, the improved scheme was determined, and the improved bucket strength was verified. According to the design of typical weld form of loader bucket, combined with welding standard and code, the weld structure design is improved, and the joint strength of bucket weld is further improved on the basis of common weld structure. The requirements of wear resistance of loader bucket and common wear resistant materials are analyzed. The wear mechanism and common materials of bucket wear resistant parts under different working conditions are introduced. The relationship between the operation method of loader bucket and wear is analyzed and studied, and the operation skills of reducing wear and controlling the cost of use are obtained. Finally, the common failure forms of loader bucket are analyzed, which provides the basis for the judgment of bucket failure reason and the determination of improvement scheme.
【学位授予单位】：青岛理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TH243

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