不完全齿轮式自动换向传动机构的运动学分析

发布时间：2019-03-21 20:06

【摘要】：自动换向机构是抽油机的重要组成部分之一,自动换向机构设计的是否合理对抽油的效率和节能的影响至关重要。抽油机械有平面连杆机构,链传动、电传动,齿轮齿条等,但这些机构都存在抽油效率较低,能量损失比较严重,因此设计新的结构应用于抽油机上对于提高抽油机的效率具有重要意义。近些年来在工农业生产和国防建设中,不完全齿轮机构已被广泛研究和应用,不完全齿轮是由齿轮演变而来,在传递运动过程中具有齿轮传动的优点,因此本课题研究将不完全齿轮机构应用到抽油机抽油上,在不改变电动机转向的情况下自动实现换向往复运动,能提高抽油的效率。本课题进行了根据油田抽油机换向机构特点进行了分析研究,根据抽油机换向机构的运动要求,得到不完全齿轮自动换向机构的结构方案,对不完全齿轮和全齿轮进行了结构设计。根据换向机构的结构方案,分析了不完全齿轮的啮合特点,换向啮合干涉分析。为了避免换向机构在啮合时出现干涉情况,对自动换向机构进行齿高修形。齿高修形时,必须保证齿轮连续传动,由于修形时存在着两个齿轮的齿高修形未知量,本文对换向机构的轮齿修形研究了三种修形方案,即仅对不完全齿轮啮合的不完全齿轮进行齿高修形,仅对输出齿轮进行齿高修形,以及同时对不完全齿轮以及输出齿轮进行齿高修形。根据确定的换向机构结构方案、齿轮的主要参数及不完全齿轮的修形方案,利用Proe参数化建模功能对换向机构建立了齿轮准确啮合的几何装配模型。将三种装配模型分别导入到ADAMS动力学仿真软件中,完成自动换向机构的一个周期的运动仿真,得出了三种修形方案的主动轴、中间轴和从动轴的运动角速度、角加速度及转矩曲线图。通过对比分析三种修形方案的运动结果特点,得出最终确定的修形方案,即同时对不完全齿轮和输出齿轮进行齿顶修形运动性能好,啮合传动运动平稳,速度波动小,且在换向时不完全齿轮机构只有输出齿轮出现了较大的速度波动,这个波动比平稳传动时仅大了60°/s。针对自动换向机构在运动过程中出现的振动情况,对自动换向机构进行了振动分析,分析引起自动换向机构振动的原因。为了避免换向机构产生共振导致机构破坏,利用Workbench对换向机构的齿轮进行了模态分析,分别得出换向机构三种齿轮前三阶的固有频率和主振型,根据模态分析结果得到齿轮的结构存在不合理,对齿轮重新设计进行了模态分析,对比分析结果新结构的共振变形量大大降低,齿轮的抗震效果增强
[Abstract]:The automatic reversing mechanism is one of the important components of the pumping unit. Whether the design of the automatic reversing mechanism is reasonable or not is very important to the efficiency and energy saving of the pumping unit. Pumping machinery has planar linkage mechanism, chain drive, electric transmission, gear rack and so on, but these mechanisms have low pumping efficiency and serious energy loss. Therefore, it is of great significance to design a new structure to improve the efficiency of pumping units. In recent years, incomplete gear mechanism has been widely studied and applied in industrial and agricultural production and national defense construction. Incomplete gear is evolved from gear and has the advantage of gear transmission in the process of transmission motion. Therefore, in this paper, the incomplete gear mechanism is applied to the pumping unit, and the reversing and reciprocating motion can be realized automatically without changing the motor steering, which can improve the pumping efficiency. According to the characteristics of the reversing mechanism of the pumping unit in the oil field, the structure scheme of the automatic reversing mechanism of the incomplete gear is obtained according to the motion requirements of the reversing mechanism of the pumping unit. The structure design of incomplete gear and full gear is carried out. According to the structure scheme of commutation mechanism, the meshing characteristics of incomplete gears and interference analysis of commutation meshing are analyzed. In order to avoid the interference of the reversing mechanism in meshing, the tooth height modification of the automatic reversing mechanism is carried out. When the tooth height is modified, the continuous transmission of the gear must be guaranteed. Because of the unknown amount of the tooth height modification of the two gears, this paper studies three kinds of modification schemes for the gear tooth shape modification of the commutation mechanism. That is to say, the tooth height modification is carried out only for the incomplete gear engaged in the incomplete gear, the tooth height modification for the output gear, and the tooth height modification for the incomplete gear and the output gear at the same time. According to the structure scheme of the commutation mechanism, the main parameters of the gear and the modification scheme of the incomplete gear, the geometric assembly model of the gear meshing is established by using the parametric modeling function of Proe to the commutation mechanism. The three assembly models are imported into the ADAMS dynamic simulation software, and the motion simulation of the automatic commutation mechanism in one period is completed. The angular velocities of the active axis, the intermediate axis and the driven axis of the three modification schemes are obtained. Angular acceleration and torque curves. By comparing and analyzing the characteristics of the motion results of the three modification schemes, the final shape modification scheme is obtained, that is, the tooth top modification of the incomplete gear and the output gear is good, the meshing drive movement is stable, and the speed fluctuation is small. In the commutation process, only the output gear has a large speed fluctuation, which is only 60 掳/ s larger than that of the stationary transmission. Aiming at the vibration of the automatic commutation mechanism in the course of motion, the vibration analysis of the automatic commutation mechanism is carried out, and the causes of the vibration of the automatic commutation mechanism are analyzed. In order to avoid the mechanism failure caused by resonance of the commutation mechanism, the modal analysis of the gear of the commutation mechanism is carried out by using Workbench, and the natural frequencies and principal modes of the first third order of the three kinds of gears of the commutation mechanism are obtained respectively. According to the results of modal analysis, the structure of gear is unreasonable. The modal analysis of gear redesign is carried out. The resonance deformation of the new structure is greatly reduced, and the anti-seismic effect of gear is enhanced.
【学位授予单位】：济南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TH132.41

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