具有阻尼绕组的磁性齿轮优化设计与分析

发布时间：2019-05-16 22:02

【摘要】：相比于传统的机械齿轮,磁场调制式磁性齿轮的输入与输出之间是非接触性的,并且自身具有过载保护的特性,磁性齿轮的这些特点都使得其在转矩与转速传递的实际应用方面具有特殊的优势。然而,磁性齿轮两转子间非刚性磁耦合特性,导致在启动以及负载和速度发生变化时,出现暂态振荡现象。国内外对磁性齿轮的大量研究,目前主要是是针对其静态以及稳态性能,对磁性齿轮动态性能的研究方法提出的甚少,本文结合磁性齿轮低扭转刚度的工作特点以及永磁同步电机中阻尼绕组的工作原理,提出一种在高速转子侧增加阻尼绕组的新型磁场调制式磁性齿轮(简称新型磁性齿轮),对其进行了磁场分析、优化设计、动态性能以及损耗效率分析等,本文主要研究内容如下:首先,本文提出新型磁性齿轮的基本结构,利用解析法推导出调制谐波磁场次数与转子磁极对数的关系,得出磁性齿轮的工作原理。在此基础上,阐述了有限元法的发展及应用,并概括介绍了电磁场分析软件的使用。利用有限元方法详细分析了磁性齿轮的二维静态磁场、转矩特性和稳定工作点,对磁性齿轮结构的几个重要参数分别进行计算分析,得出了最大静态转矩、转矩密度随参数值变化的关系曲线。采用正交优化方法对参数再次进行了优化设计,并采用极差分析法对试验结果进行分析,得到了合理的结构参数取值。其次,根据传动系统的组成,建立了传动系统的运动方程,给出具有阻尼绕组磁性齿轮动态下的等效模型,理论得出阻尼绕组在瞬态时所起的作用。对具有阻尼绕组磁性齿轮在空载启动、负载启动、突加负载扰动以及过载四种不同运行方式下进行动态性能的研究分析,同时对高速内转子增加阻尼绕组前后进行动态性能对比。以外转子空载启动的调节时间为优化目标,计算分析了阻尼绕组的参数对磁性齿轮的瞬态影响,得出其调节时间随阻尼绕组不同参数值的变化规律,从而确定阻尼绕组合理参数值,提高整个传统装置的稳定性。最后,研究了磁性齿轮损耗与效率的大小,在损耗产生机理的理论分析基础上,建立了磁性齿轮损耗分析的有限元模型,经计算得出磁性齿轮增加阻尼绕组前后你各部分产生的损耗大小与转速间的关系,从而根据效率计算式得出效率与磁性齿轮转速和负载间的关系:磁性齿轮工作于大力矩低转速工况下时损耗较低、效率较高,适合工作于低转速高转矩场合。样机试验表明了本文所提出新型磁性齿轮结构的准确性与有效性。
[Abstract]:Compared with the traditional mechanical gear, the input and output of the magnetic field modulation magnetic gear are non-contact, and have the characteristics of overload protection. These characteristics of magnetic gear make it have special advantages in the practical application of torque and speed transmission. However, the non-rigid magnetic coupling characteristics between the two rotors of magnetic gears lead to transient oscillations when the start-up and load and speed change. A great deal of research on magnetic gears at home and abroad, mainly for its static and steady-state performance, the research methods of dynamic performance of magnetic gears are very few. Based on the working characteristics of magnetic gear with low torsional stiffness and the working principle of damping winding in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), a new type of magnetic field modulation magnetic gear (abbreviated as new magnetic gear) with damping winding on the side of high speed rotor is proposed in this paper. The magnetic field analysis, optimization design, dynamic performance and loss efficiency analysis are carried out. the main research contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the basic structure of the new magnetic gear is proposed in this paper. The relationship between the number of modulation harmonic magnetic fields and the number of rotor poles is derived by analytical method, and the working principle of magnetic gears is obtained. On this basis, the development and application of finite element method are described, and the use of electromagnetic field analysis software is briefly introduced. The two-dimensional static magnetic field, torque characteristics and stable working point of magnetic gear are analyzed in detail by finite element method. Several important parameters of magnetic gear structure are calculated and analyzed respectively, and the maximum static torque is obtained. The relationship curve between torque density and parameter value. The orthogonal optimization method is used to optimize the parameters again, and the test results are analyzed by using the extreme difference analysis method, and the reasonable values of structural parameters are obtained. Secondly, according to the composition of the transmission system, the motion equation of the transmission system is established, the equivalent model of the magnetic gear with damping winding is given, and the function of the damping winding in the transient state is obtained theoretically. The dynamic performance of magnetic gears with damping windings under four different operation modes: no-load start, sudden load disturbance and overload is studied and analyzed. At the same time, the dynamic performance of the high speed inner rotor before and after adding damping winding is compared. The adjustment time of no-load start-up of external rotor is the optimization objective. The transient influence of damping winding parameters on magnetic gear is calculated and analyzed, and the variation law of adjustment time with different parameters of damping winding is obtained. Thus, the reasonable parameter values of damping windings are determined and the stability of the whole traditional device is improved. Finally, the loss and efficiency of magnetic gear are studied. Based on the theoretical analysis of loss generation mechanism, the finite element model of magnetic gear loss analysis is established. The relationship between the loss and the rotating speed of each part of you before and after the damping winding is increased by the magnetic gear is calculated. According to the formula of efficiency calculation, the relationship between efficiency and the speed and load of magnetic gear is obtained: when the magnetic gear works under the condition of high torque and low speed, the loss is low and the efficiency is high, so it is suitable for the situation of low speed and high torque. The prototype test shows the accuracy and effectiveness of the new magnetic gear structure proposed in this paper.
【学位授予单位】：兰州理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH132.41

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