面向高速铁路监测的WSNs拓扑结构分析

发布时间：2018-01-04 07:15

本文关键词：面向高速铁路监测的WSNs拓扑结构分析　出处：《山西大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国高速列车和高速铁路的规模增长迅速,给人们的出行带来了极大的便利和舒适。然而,值得注意的是,高速列车运行的安全问题也成为了人们日益关注的焦点。目前,我国对列车运行环境、列车运行状态和车站环境的监测仍以有线网络为主。众所周知,基于有线的监控网络具有成本高,灵活性低,覆盖面小和不易扩展等缺点,已无法满足我国高速列车和铁路规模不断增长的需求。寻求更高效、更全面和低成本的监测网络是我国铁路行业朝着信息化、高速化和安全化方向不断发展的必然之举。无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Networks, WSNs)具有低成本、低功耗、自组织和高效率等特点,是当今时代的一个新兴产业,成为了国内外学者的研究热点。由于列车的高速性和运行环境的特殊性,在我国,将无线传感器网络应用于列车运行环境的监测尚不成熟,现存适用于此环境监测的无线传感器网络拓扑结构和路由协议少之又少。在用于高速列车运行环境监测的无线传感器网络中,本文研究了节点的优化部署问题并分析了几种典型的拓扑结构。结合我国列车运行环境的特点,本文分析了构成列车运行安全隐患的主要因素并将它们列为无线传感器网络监测的主要对象。针对无线传感器网络节点部署于铁路沿线呈现出的带状结构,在铁路沿线待测区域长度和节点总数给定的情况下,本文采用拉格朗日最优化理论推导了使节点总能耗最低的节点部署策略。由于高速运行的列车对监测数据有较高的实时性和准确性的要求,本文在单汇聚节点的带状无线传感器网络中详细分析了基于最小和最大距离传输的拓扑结构的网络实时性、鲁棒性和生存周期。在基于最大距离传输的拓扑中,本文提出了一种基于节点分组的数据传输机制,理论分析和实验结果表明了所提机制为基于最大距离传输的拓扑带来了更好的网络实时性和鲁棒性。此外,节点部署的间距和数目的变化将对上述两种拓扑的网络生存周期产生不同的影响。考虑到列车对基于无线传感器网络的运行环境监测网络的实际需求,本文提出了基于多汇聚节点的无线传感器网络监测模型,同时所提模型也解决了带状网络中节点负载不均衡的问题。在铁路沿线节点部署的实际问题中,即铁路沿线待测区域的长度已知而节点总数未知的情况,本文推导了基于最优间距的节点部署方案,该方案能使节点的总能耗和网络生存周期均达到最优,并由相关实验验证了所提方案的合理性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the rapid growth of the scale of high-speed trains and high-speed railways in China has brought great convenience and comfort to people's travel. However, it is worth noting that. The safety of high-speed train operation has also become the focus of increasing attention. At present, the monitoring of train running environment, train running state and station environment in China is still based on wired network. The wired monitoring network has the disadvantages of high cost, low flexibility, small coverage and not easy to expand. It can not meet the increasing demand of high-speed train and railway scale in China. More comprehensive and low-cost monitoring network is our railway industry towards information. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have low cost and low power consumption. The characteristics of self-organization and high efficiency are a new industry in the present era, which has become the research hotspot of scholars at home and abroad. Because of the high speed of train and the particularity of running environment, it is in our country. It is not mature to apply wireless sensor network to train operation environment monitoring. The existing wireless sensor network topology and routing protocols are few and far between. In this paper, the optimal deployment of nodes is studied and several typical topologies are analyzed, which are combined with the characteristics of train operation environment in China. This paper analyzes the main factors that make up the hidden trouble of train operation, and lists them as the main objects of wireless sensor network monitoring, aiming at the band structure that the nodes of wireless sensor network are deployed along the railway line. When the length of the area to be measured and the total number of nodes are given along the railway line. In this paper, Lagrange optimization theory is used to deduce the node deployment strategy, which has the lowest total energy consumption. Because of the high speed running train has higher real-time and accuracy requirements for monitoring data. In this paper, the real-time, robustness and lifetime of the network based on the minimum and maximum distance transmission topology are analyzed in detail in the single convergent node banded wireless sensor network. In the topology based on the maximum distance transmission. In this paper, a data transmission mechanism based on node packet is proposed. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed mechanism brings better real-time and robustness to the topology based on maximum distance transmission. The distance and number of nodes deployed will have a different impact on the network lifetime of the above two topologies. Considering the actual demand of the train for the wireless sensor network-based environment monitoring network. In this paper, a wireless sensor network monitoring model based on multiple convergent nodes is proposed, and the proposed model also solves the problem of node load imbalance in the belt network, in the actual problem of the deployment of nodes along the railway. That is, the length of the area to be tested along the railway is known and the total number of nodes is unknown. In this paper, a node deployment scheme based on the optimal distance is derived, which can make the total energy consumption and network lifetime of the nodes reach the optimum. The rationality of the proposed scheme is verified by relevant experiments.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U298;TN929.5;TP212.9

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