氨气泄漏数值模拟及应急响应措施研究

发布时间：2018-01-24 11:57

本文关键词： 氨气泄漏模式数值模拟应急响应　出处：《中国地质大学（北京）》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济“十二五”规划的实施，石油化工行业的发展势头迅猛，但是在该行业中所生产和储存的氨气存在着发生重大事故的可能性。氨气由于储存容器及其运输管道、阀门的意外破损、爆裂将会产生泄漏，如果未能即时采取措施，则可能引起重大的火灾、爆炸或中毒事故。氨气属于易燃易爆危险性化学气体，在发生泄漏后，将会严重危害到人民的生命和财产安全，会造成巨大的不可挽回的损失。发生氨气泄漏后可以通过氨气监测探头的合理使用和布置在发生泄漏的早期进行预警监测并采取相应的应急措施。及时可靠地监测空气中氨气的浓度和扩散范围，对于采取正确的应急响应措施，减少因泄漏引发的事故，避免重大财产损失和人员伤亡有着及其重要的意义。本文详细的总结了计算流体力学软件的发展、软件所涉及的基本原理以及现今通用的CFD软件的不同特点，并阐述了选择Fluent的原因，详细系统地总结了该软件各不同模块的特点、其相对于其他CFD软件的优点及其不同的应用领域，最后阐述了其计算分析的具体过程。通过对泄漏事故的统计分析，总结得到危险化学气体泄漏事故的发生机理，并对现在较为通用的四种模型进行了比较，选择了高斯模型(Gaussian Plume/PuffModel)作为本文所研究的液氨储罐泄漏事故的数学模型，为下一步在Fluent软件中模拟液氨储罐谢楼楼事故奠定了理论基础。本文通过氨气泄漏扩散以及在不同风速条件下的数值模拟得出，由于氨气密度小于空气密度，在垂直地面方向空气浮力对氨气的泄漏起主要的动力作用，泄漏氨气所形成的气云在空气浮力和初始动量的作用下，向斜上方运动；在泄漏后在较小的风速范围内大气流动对泄漏氨气主要起输送作用，在较大的风速范围内大气流动对泄漏氨气主要起稀释作用。本文根据Fluent软件的模拟结果及现场实际情况，提出了氨气探测器安装位置的三点建议，划定了泄漏事故发生后的危险警戒区域，并在上述分析的基础上提出了氨气泄漏事故救援的具体处置措施以及氨气泄漏的防控措施。
[Abstract]:With the implementation of the 12th Five-Year Plan of China's economy, the petrochemical industry is developing rapidly. But the ammonia gas produced and stored in the industry has the possibility of serious accidents. Ammonia gas due to storage containers and transportation pipeline, valve damage, burst will cause leakage. Failure to take immediate action may lead to major fire, explosion or poisoning accidents. Ammonia is a flammable and explosive dangerous chemical gas that occurs after leakage. Will seriously endanger the people's lives and property security. After ammonia leakage, the reasonable use of ammonia gas monitoring probe and arrangement in the early stage of leakage, early warning monitoring and taking appropriate emergency measures, timely and reliable monitoring. The concentration and diffusion range of ammonia in air were measured. It is of great significance to take the correct emergency response measures to reduce the accidents caused by the leakage and to avoid the heavy property losses and casualties. This paper summarizes the development of computational fluid dynamics software, the basic principles involved in the software and the different characteristics of the current CFD software, and explains the reasons for choosing Fluent. In this paper, the characteristics of different modules of this software are summarized in detail. Compared with other CFD software, its advantages and different application fields are summarized in detail. At last, the concrete process of its calculation and analysis is described. Through the statistical analysis of the leakage accident, the mechanism of dangerous chemical gas leakage accident is summarized, and the four models are compared. The Gao Si model Gaussian plug / PuffModel is selected as the mathematical model of the leakage accident of liquid ammonia tank studied in this paper. It lays a theoretical foundation for simulating the failure of liquid ammonia storage tank in the next step in Fluent software. In this paper, through ammonia leakage diffusion and numerical simulation under different wind speed conditions, it is concluded that because ammonia gas density is less than air density, air buoyancy in vertical direction plays a major dynamic role in ammonia leakage. The gas cloud formed by ammonia leakage moves over the syncline under the action of air buoyancy and initial momentum. After the leakage, the atmospheric flow plays a major role in transporting ammonia leakage in a small wind speed range, and in a larger wind speed range, the atmospheric flow plays a major role in diluting the leaking ammonia gas. According to the simulation results of Fluent software and the actual situation on the spot, this paper puts forward three suggestions on the installation position of ammonia detector, and delineates the danger warning area after the leakage accident. On the basis of the above analysis, the concrete disposal measures of ammonia leakage accident rescue and the prevention and control measures of ammonia leakage are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学（北京）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TQ086

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