西部高强度采煤区矿山地质灾害现状与防控技术

发布时间：2018-01-30 15:20

本文关键词： 矿山地质灾害地面塌陷地裂缝开采强度榆神府矿区　出处：《煤炭学报》2017年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：榆神府矿区是我国重要的原煤产地,高强度、大规模开采导致矿山地质灾害不断涌现。通过高分遥感结合地面调查研究了本区矿山地质灾害现状,结果表明:本区矿山地质灾害主要包括地面塌陷、地裂缝、矿震、地表水体缩减、地下水位下降、土地退化等。地面塌陷可划分为4个区,其中严重区与煤层开采强度相关性高;地裂缝分布空间维数在1.45~1.51,垂直工作面走向的裂缝多于顺工作面走向的裂缝;采空区塌陷引发地震46次,最大震级3.2级;水体灾害包括地表水体面积缩减和地下水位埋深下降,地下水位下降8 m以上的区域面积达33 km2;矸石压占对土地利用结构影响较大,但荒漠化程度总体上呈逆转趋势。开展矿山地质灾害防控技术研发,建立矿山地质灾害、地质环境监测体系,是矿山地质灾害防控的重点。
[Abstract]:Yushenfu mining area is an important source of raw coal in China. High intensity and large-scale mining results in the continuous emergence of geological hazards. The present situation of mine geological hazards in this area is studied through high score remote sensing combined with surface investigation. The results show that the geological hazards of mine in this area mainly include ground collapse, ground fissure, mine earthquake, surface water body reduction, groundwater level decline, land degradation and so on. The ground collapse can be divided into 4 areas. There is a high correlation between the serious area and the mining intensity of coal seam. The spatial dimension of ground fissure distribution is 1.45 ~ 1.51, and the vertical face strike cracks are more than those along the face strike. There are 46 earthquakes caused by collapse in goaf, the maximum magnitude is 3.2; Water disaster includes surface water body area shrinking and groundwater table depth decreasing, the area of groundwater level falling more than 8 m is 33 km ~ 2; Gangue pressure has a great influence on the land use structure, but the degree of desertification has a reverse trend on the whole. The research and development of mine geological hazard prevention and control technology, the establishment of mine geological hazards, geological environment monitoring system. It is the key point of mine geological hazard prevention and control.
【作者单位】：陕西省地质环境监测总站;国土资源部矿山地质灾害成灾机理与防控重点实验室;长安大学环境科学与工程学院;长安大学旱区地下水文与生态效应教育部重点实验室;
【基金】：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)资助项目(2013CB227901) 陕西省科学技术推广计划资助项目(2011TG-01)
【分类号】：TD771;P694
【正文快照】： 矿山地质灾害是指从事矿山开发利用过程中由于自然因素和人为因素引起的矿山地质生态环境恶化,对人类生产生活造成影响的地质灾害事件。根据引起矿山地质灾害的因素,矿山地质灾害包括地表塌陷、地表裂缝、冒顶片帮、岩爆、井下突水、滑坡、崩塌、地下水及环境地质破坏等。我国

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