化工项目（TCS）试车阶段的风险管理研究

发布时间：2018-02-20 14:42

本文关键词： 项目开车 TCS 6西格玛风险评估矩阵　出处：《大连理工大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着现代社会和工业的发展,项目管理的应用已经衍生到各行各业,而作为现代工程项目管理中最重要的目标之一的质量管理,正越来越受到人们的重视,在现代项目管理中起到越来越重要的作用,一个好的项目的最终目标是具有较高的使用价值,能够产生效益和创造价值,同时能够确保项目在使用阶段对人员和社会,环境的安全[22]。那么对项目质量管理的要求就显得尤为重要。特别是在对化工项目的质量要求,由于化工项目的特殊性和危险性,因此对化工项目的质量要求就显得尤为重要。另外,根据化工项目各个阶段不同的特点和危险性,我们认识到,在化工项目调试和开车阶段,是危险性最高,最容易出现问题,发生事故的阶段,因此,在这个阶段的质量安全管理,关系到该化工项目能否正常的运营,是否会对人民生命,财产和社会稳定产生危害。在一般的化工项目的调试和开车阶段的质量管理中,我们通常只是在项目移交阶段根据原始设计,对比现场和设计的异同,以及操作的适用性等方面提出整改意见；在项目调试和开车阶段,对各个不同的子系统,进行设备,仪表,管道等等的检查,动设备的测试等等；对不同阶段,进行管道的吹扫,控制系统的测试,化学物料的引进,试运行和较高负荷的运行等等。直至项目的商业运行。但是基于化工项目的特殊性和危险性,试车阶段的质量安全管理不能完全杜绝试车阶段,尤其在引进化学品以后所面临的风险；同时对试车人员的技术,能力,对风险的认识和控制能力提出了了极高的要求。针对这种情况,结合笔者在张家港市某外资3万吨级氯硅烷项目试车阶段的学习,工作,提出对化工项目在调试,开车阶段的新的质量管理和风险控制措施：基于六西格玛的方法,通过风险控制矩阵(Risk Management Matrix),完成对3万吨级化工项目的质量管理和风险控制,确保整个调试和开车阶段的安全和有效。本文首先阐述了六西格玛方法的基本理论基础,以及风险控制矩阵的基本组成,并根据这两种方法的特点,对化工项目(TCS)在调试,开车阶段进行全面和系统的管理,同时在调试中,对各个子系统和各个不同阶段,按照设计阶段的PHR(Process Hazardous Review)和Hazop(Hazardous Operation)的要求,进行全面的检查,测试,找出设计和施工中存在的问题,加以改进；同时对不同阶段—设备坚查,吹扫,进化学物料,试运行和较高负荷运行,进行全面的风险评估和控制。通过“人,机,料,法,环”[3]五个方面的风险评估以及控制,以此降低在调试和开车阶段的风险,消除发生事故的隐患。提高开车的稳定性和可靠性。
[Abstract]:With the development of modern society and industry, the application of project management has been extended to various industries, and as one of the most important objectives of modern engineering project management, quality management has been paid more and more attention. In modern project management, the ultimate goal of a good project is to have a higher use value, to generate benefits and create value, while ensuring that the project in the use of personnel and society, Environmental safety [22]. The requirements for project quality management are particularly important, especially for the quality requirements of chemical projects, due to the particularity and danger of chemical projects, Therefore, the quality requirements of chemical projects are particularly important. In addition, according to the different characteristics and risks of each stage of chemical projects, we realize that in the phase of commissioning and starting up of chemical projects, it is the most dangerous and the most prone to problems. Therefore, the quality and safety management in this stage is related to the normal operation of the chemical project, whether it will endanger people's life, property and social stability. In the general commissioning of chemical projects and the quality management of start-up stage, we usually only put forward some suggestions in terms of original design, contrasting the similarities and differences between site and design, as well as the applicability of operation in the phase of project transfer. In the commissioning and start-up phase of the project, the various subsystems, equipment, instrumentation, pipeline and so on are inspected, the dynamic equipment is tested, and so on; at different stages, the pipeline is blown, the control system is tested, and the chemical materials are imported, Test run and high load operation etc. Until the commercial operation of the project. But based on the particularity and danger of the chemical project, the quality and safety management of the test run phase can not completely eliminate the test run stage, Especially the risks faced after the introduction of chemicals, and the very high requirements for the technology, ability, risk awareness and control ability of the test operators. Combined with the author's study and work in the trial run stage of a foreign investment project of 30,000 tons of chlorosilane in Zhangjiagang City, a new quality control and risk control measure for the chemical project in commissioning and starting stage is put forward: based on the six Sigma method, Through risk Management Matrix control matrix, the quality management and risk control of 30,000 dwt chemical projects are completed to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the whole debugging and starting stage. In this paper, the basic theoretical basis of the six Sigma method and the basic composition of the risk control matrix are described. According to the characteristics of these two methods, the comprehensive and systematic management of the chemical project TCSs is carried out in the debugging and starting stage. At the same time, according to the requirements of PHR(Process Hazardous Review and Hazop(Hazardous Operation in the design stage, we carry out a comprehensive inspection, test, find out the problems in design and construction, and improve the design and construction. At the same time, comprehensive risk assessment and control are carried out on different stages-equipment hard inspection, purge, chemical material entry, trial operation and higher load operation. Through "person, machine, material, method, ring" [3], risk assessment and control are carried out. In order to reduce the risk in the debugging and starting stage, eliminate the hidden trouble of accidents, and improve the stability and reliability of driving.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TQ086

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