道路交通事故应急求援问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 13:29

本文关键词： 道路交通事故应急救援优化调配　出处：《兰州交通大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：道路交通事故与城市化加速和城市人口猛增的矛盾越来越严重。同时，随着人们生活水平的提高，私家车数量的不断增加，土地资源的有限，城市交通方面面临着的压力也愈大，各个大中型城市均不同程度地发生交通拥堵。道路交通事故在近年造成的危害虽得到遏制，但重大特大恶性交通事故却频繁发生，使得交通事故仍然是严重影响生活的因素之一。道路交通事故应急救援能最大限度地降低人员伤亡和财产损失，使交通的通行能力快速恢复。事故发生后需统筹调度各种力量迅速对事故做出响应。在这期间救援工作预期的目的是将事故造成的损失降到最低。同时，使得救援工作的价值得到最大程度的提升，即救援取得的结果效益最大。事故发生后，不可能靠单一或几个部门救援就能完成任务。救援工作若想取得满意结果，是需要各部门共同合作才能完成的。救援车辆的优化调配在道路交通事故应急救援中显得极为重要。作为交通流的一部分，行驶中肯定会受到实时交通情况的干扰。这将出现选择单纯以路径最短作为救援路线时，会因流量的影响，导致救援点到事故地点的行驶路径具有不确定性，，对整个救援响应时间影响较大。因此，在事故发生情况下如何确定行驶路径，对救援车辆进行调配，使其能在快速行驶的最短距离内安全到达事故地点，成为调配方案的重要组成部分。传统的救援车辆调配中多从时间和距离角度出发，对救援车辆行驶路段流量的影响考虑较少。本文总结出道路交通事故这一突发事故下，救援车辆优化调配问题需同时考虑距离、畅通性及安全性三方面问题。由实际出发，选择应用决策方法对问题进行建模。建立了包含以上三个分量的效用函数，通过将模型转化，由多属性变为单属性问题。对得到的以函数值最大作为新模型的目标函数，应用迪杰斯特拉算法进行求解。最后通过算例验证该方法的可行性。对实际道路交通事故应急车辆调度指挥决策有一定的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:The contradiction between road traffic accidents and the acceleration of urbanization and the rapid increase of urban population is becoming more and more serious. At the same time, with the improvement of people's living standards, the number of private cars is increasing, and the land resources are limited. The greater the pressure on urban traffic, the more traffic jams occur in various large and medium-sized cities. Although the harm caused by road traffic accidents in recent years has been contained, serious and malignant traffic accidents occur frequently. Traffic accidents are still one of the serious factors affecting life. Emergency rescue for road traffic accidents can minimize casualties and property losses. Make the traffic capacity recover quickly. After the accident happens, all kinds of forces should be coordinated to respond to the accident quickly. During this period, the aim of the rescue work is to minimize the damage caused by the accident. At the same time, So that the value of rescue work is maximized, that is, the result of rescue is most beneficial. After the accident, it is impossible to rely on a single department or several departments to complete the task. If the rescue work wants to achieve satisfactory results, It takes all departments to work together. The optimal allocation of rescue vehicles is very important in the emergency rescue of road traffic accidents. As a part of traffic flow, It is sure to be interfered by the real time traffic situation. This will result in the uncertainty of the route from the rescue point to the accident site because of the influence of the flow rate when choosing only the shortest path as the rescue route. Therefore, how to determine the driving path in case of an accident, and how to deploy the rescue vehicle, so that it can safely reach the accident site within the shortest distance of fast driving, As an important part of the deployment scheme, the traditional deployment of rescue vehicles mostly from the perspective of time and distance, less consideration of the impact on the flow of the rescue vehicle on the road. In this paper, it is concluded that under the sudden accident of road traffic accident, the optimal allocation of rescue vehicles should take into account the three aspects of distance, smoothness and safety at the same time. The utility function containing the above three components is established, and the model is transformed from multi-attribute to single-attribute problem. The maximum value of the function is taken as the objective function of the new model. Finally, the feasibility of the method is verified by a numerical example, which can be used for reference in the decision-making of emergency vehicle dispatch and command in actual road traffic accidents.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：U492.8;U491.31

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