高速公路改扩建紧急救援点布局研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 00:38

本文关键词： 高速公路改扩建工程紧急救援点选址数据包络分析　出处：《武汉理工大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济社会的飞速发展,我国高速公路交通量也持续高速增长,不少原先建成的高速公路设计通行能力已不能完全满足日益增长的交通需求,出现了服务水平不断下降、交通堵塞严重等现象。为了满足当今社会的交通发展需要,国内多条高速公路已经进行了或正在实施改扩建。针对高速公路改扩建工程,尤其是边施工边通车的改扩建工程,无论采用何种交通组织方式,对改扩建高速公路交通流必然产生干扰,将造成项目路服务水平大幅降低、行车安全严重下降、通行能力减小,使得一些细微的干扰都将可能造成交通堵塞,甚至引起交通事故的发生。这些干扰都将使得原本复杂艰巨的紧急救援任务面临更高的要求。因此完善高速公路改扩建紧急救援点布局对降低改扩建期间事故伤亡率具有很强的现实意义和理论研究价值。首先对高速公路改扩建工程的概念进行了分析,研究了改扩建交通组织的一般保通方案,主要包括“保二”、“保三”、“保四”,并对改扩建期间施工区的交通特性与安全特性进行了详细分析。然后对本课题所研究的高速公路改扩建紧急救援点进行了界定,明确了其主要职能,分析了高速公路交通事件持续时间构成,而后对高速公路紧急救援点的布局原则进行了分析,并对紧急救援点布局主要影响因素进行了研究,可分为救援车辆平均行车速度类、运输距离类与经济性类影响因素。在明确紧急救援点布局主要影响因素的基础上,对紧急救援车辆行车速度进行了深入分析,通过VISSIM模拟仿真得出了不同保通方案下大车混入率、饱和度对紧急救援车辆行车速度的敏感程度,而后确定了紧急救援点(决策单元)在时间上的应属范围,分别选取成本、综合效益向量与覆盖需求量、救援点到需求点的最大救援时间、救援点到需求点的最大距离作为DEA评价模型中的输入与输出指标,并最终建立了高速公路改扩建期间紧急救援点的布局模型。最后结合京港澳高速河北段改扩建工程,确定各邻近互通处的决策单元,接着对模型进行求解,并运用MATLAB软件计算出最优解,得出了京港澳高速河北段改扩建紧急救援点的布局方案。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and society, the traffic volume of freeway in our country has been increasing at a high speed. Many of the designed capacity of expressway can no longer fully meet the increasing traffic demand, and the service level is declining. Traffic jam is serious. In order to meet the needs of traffic development in our society, many highways in China have been or are in the process of carrying out reconstruction and extension. No matter what kind of traffic organization mode is adopted, it will inevitably interfere with the traffic flow of the reconstruction and expansion of the expressway, which will result in a significant reduction in the level of project road service, a serious decrease in driving safety and a decrease in traffic capacity. That some subtle distractions could cause traffic jams, Even causing traffic accidents. These disturbances will make the original complex and arduous emergency rescue tasks face higher requirements. Therefore, improving the layout of emergency rescue sites for highway reconstruction and extension will reduce the accident injury during the reconstruction and expansion period. The death rate has the very strong realistic significance and the theory research value. First of all, the concept of expressway reconstruction and extension project is analyzed, and the general plan of transportation organization is studied. It mainly includes "Bao2", "Bao3" and "Bao4". The traffic and safety characteristics of the construction area during the reconstruction and extension period are analyzed in detail. Then it defines the emergency rescue point of expressway reconstruction and extension, clarifies its main functions, and analyzes the duration of expressway traffic events. Then the layout principle of expressway emergency rescue point is analyzed, and the main influencing factors of emergency rescue point layout are studied, which can be divided into three categories: average speed of rescue vehicle, transportation distance and economy. On the basis of defining the main factors affecting the layout of emergency rescue points, the driving speed of emergency rescue vehicle is deeply analyzed, and the mixing rate of large vehicle under different guaranteed schemes is obtained by VISSIM simulation. The sensitivity of saturation to the speed of emergency rescue vehicle is determined, and the time range of emergency rescue point (decision making unit) is determined. The cost, comprehensive benefit vector and coverage demand are selected respectively. The maximum rescue time from the rescue point to the demand point and the maximum distance from the rescue point to the demand point are taken as the input and output indexes in the DEA evaluation model. Finally, the layout model of the emergency rescue point during the expressway reconstruction and extension is established. Finally, the decision making unit of each adjacent interworking place is determined by combining the reconstruction and extension project of Hebei section of Beijing-Hongkong-Macao Expressway, and then the model is solved, and the optimal solution is calculated by using MATLAB software. The layout of the emergency rescue site in the Hebei section of the Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：U418.8;U492.8

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