扁平大空间类建筑火灾烟气流动规律及控制研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 09:46

本文关键词： 火灾模拟扁平大空间类建筑自然排烟机械排烟　出处：《安徽理工大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济的发展,对建筑物的使用功能提出了很多新的要求,从而产生了一类具有特殊几何特性的建筑,此类建筑面积大而高度并不高,称为扁平大空间类建筑。烟气是火灾中造成人员伤亡的最主要因素,建筑的消防安全离不开对火灾烟气的控制与管理。本课题的研究重点是利用火灾动态模拟软件FDS研究不同火源位置、火源功率以及防排烟系统设置条件对扁平大空间类建筑火灾烟气运移规律的影响,力求为扁平大空间类建筑防排烟系统的设计、改造及火灾时人员的安全疏散提供指导性意见。本文首先介绍了火灾和火灾烟气,建筑火灾烟气的控制方法以及扁平大空间类建筑的火灾特殊性。扁平大空间类建筑的消防问题主要集中在以下几个方面：防火分区面积过大；疏散距离较长；疏散宽度不够；由于楼层净高较低,人员很容易受到火灾烟气的威胁。然后对扁平大空间类建筑的数值模拟理论和方法进行了概述,在火源的模化上结合我校图书馆的实际情况确定本文所使用的是快速平方稳定火。通过对四种模拟方法的比较,最终确定本文采用场模拟。并对本文所要使用的FDS模拟软件进行了介绍。最后,应用FDS数值模拟软件对扁平大空间类建筑进行数值分析,以我校图忆馆书厍为实例建立了四种火灾场景,对比分析了原工况、改变火源位置、改变火源功率三种自然排烟,以及机械排烟方式对火场内烟气蔓延规律的影响。分析得出：火源位置改变了烟气的蔓延路径和程度；火源功率的降低,减弱了烟气的蔓延和火场参数的影响；合理的布置机械排烟,可以提高火场内的能见度,降低温度、CO浓度,对人员的逃生更为有利。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy, many new requirements have been put forward for the use of buildings, which have produced a class of buildings with special geometric characteristics, which are large in area and not high in height. It is called flat and large space building. Smoke is the main cause of casualties in the fire. The fire safety of buildings can not be separated from the control and management of fire smoke. The research emphasis of this subject is to use the fire dynamic simulation software FDS to study the location of different fire sources. The influence of fire source power and the setting conditions of smoke control and exhaust system on the smoke migration law of flat and large space building fire is sought to provide guidance for the design, transformation and safety evacuation of smoke prevention and exhaust system in flat and large space buildings. This paper first introduces fire and fire smoke, The fire control method of building fire smoke and the fire particularity of flat large space building. The fire protection problems of flat large space building mainly focus on the following aspects: the fire prevention area is too large, the evacuation distance is long, the evacuation width is not enough; Because of the low net height of the floors, personnel are vulnerable to fire smoke. Then, the theory and method of numerical simulation of flat and large space buildings are summarized. Combining with the actual situation of our university library, it is determined that the fast square stable fire is used in this paper. Through the comparison of four simulation methods, Finally, field simulation is adopted in this paper, and the FDS simulation software used in this paper is introduced. Finally, using the FDS numerical simulation software to carry on the numerical analysis to the flat large space class building, taking the library of our school map and memory library as an example, four kinds of fire scenes are established, and the original working conditions are compared and analyzed to change the location of the fire source. It is concluded that the location of fire source changes the path and degree of flue gas spread, the decrease of fire source power, and the influence of mechanical smoke exhaust mode on the spread of smoke in the fire field by changing the three kinds of natural smoke exhaust power of fire source, and the influence of mechanical smoke exhaust mode on the spread of smoke in the fire field. The spread of smoke and the influence of fire field parameters are weakened, and the reasonable arrangement of mechanical smoke exhaust can improve the visibility in the fire site, reduce the temperature and CO concentration, and is more favorable for personnel to escape.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TU892

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