某自升式海洋平台火灾与人员疏散的仿真研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 18:21

本文选题：自升式海洋平台　切入点：火灾　出处：《上海交通大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：世界经济的快速发展必然带来对能源的巨大需求,随着陆地油气资源的减少,向海洋进军成为一种必然的趋势。钻井平台是海洋油气资源开发的基础性设施,是海上生产与生活的基地。海洋平台作业环境恶劣且远离大陆,人员、油气处理设备高度集中,由于存在大量易燃易爆物质及油气存储设备,容易发生油气泄漏,引发火灾。本文针对CIMC集团自主研发的一型400英尺自升式海洋钻井平台,利用相关软件进行平台火灾以及人员疏散过程的仿真模拟研究。海洋平台火灾时,人员能否及时安全地疏散取决于火灾时安全疏散可用时间是否大于安全疏散所需时间。如果安全疏散可用时间大于安全疏散所需时间可认为人员能够安全疏散,反之则不安全。依据DOW火灾爆炸指数评价法对海洋平台火灾爆炸危险区域进行评估,确定了危险区域,并借助CFX软件通过合理设置火灾场景,得出安全疏散可用时间。借助STEPS软件定量研究了出口宽度、数量、疏散反应时间等疏散过程的影响因素,并以某自升式海洋平台为例,进行了人员疏散的仿真研究,求解人员疏散所需的时间,通过比较这两个关键特征时间,验证海洋平台火灾中人员疏散的安全性。最后,简要讨论了需要进一步研究和完善的问题。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of the world economy will inevitably bring great demand for energy. With the decrease of terrestrial oil and gas resources, it is an inevitable trend to march to the ocean. Drilling platforms are the basic facilities for the exploitation of offshore oil and gas resources. Offshore platform is a base for offshore production and life. Offshore platforms operate in a harsh environment far from the mainland, with highly concentrated personnel and oil and gas processing equipment. Because of the existence of a large number of flammable and explosive substances and oil and gas storage equipment, oil and gas leaks are prone to occur. In this paper, a 400-foot jack-up offshore drilling rig developed by CIMC Group was developed, and the simulation study of platform fire and evacuation process was carried out by using related software. Whether people can evacuate safely or not in time depends on whether the time available for safe evacuation is greater than the time required for safe evacuation. If the time available for safe evacuation is longer than the time required for safe evacuation, people can be deemed to be able to evacuate safely. On the contrary, it is not safe. According to the evaluation method of DOW fire and explosion index, the dangerous area of offshore platform fire and explosion is evaluated, and the fire scene is reasonably set with the help of CFX software. With the help of STEPS software, the factors influencing the evacuation process, such as exit width, quantity and evacuation reaction time, are quantitatively studied, and the simulation study of evacuation is carried out by taking a jack-up offshore platform as an example. The safety of evacuation in offshore platform fire is verified by comparing these two key characteristics. Finally, the problems that need further study and improvement are briefly discussed.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TE58;U698.4

【参考文献】