基于GIS的重庆市洪灾综合风险评估研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 01:00

本文选题：洪涝灾害　切入点：风险评估　出处：《西南师范大学学报(自然科学版)》2017年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：洪涝灾害作为自然灾害的重要险种之一,严重影响了人类的生产生活.根据自然灾害风险评估理论,以重庆市为研究对象,从洪灾危险性、敏感性和易损性3个角度出发,选取降水、地形、植被指数、单位面积GDP等8个评价要素指标,以县级行政区划作为评估单元,利用GIS空间分析功能对重庆洪灾进行综合风险评估,结果表明,洪灾危险性、敏感性和易损性均表现出较为明显的空间地域特征,危险性呈由西向东逐级递增的特点,峰值集中在渝东南和渝东北的两翼地区;受地形、河网密度和植被指数综合影响,洪灾敏感性指标分布与长江干流流向体现出了高度的空间相关性,峰值集中在长江干流沿岸的永川、江津、江北、涪陵、垫江等区县;而易损性指标则基本上与重庆市社会经济发展空间分布相吻合.综合来看,研究区洪灾风险等级整体呈现出由西向东减小的趋势,经济较发达的主城、渝西地区风险等级较高,经济欠发达的渝东南、渝东北地区风险等级较小.
[Abstract]:Flood and waterlogging, as one of the important types of natural disasters, has seriously affected the production and life of human beings. According to the theory of risk assessment of natural disasters, taking Chongqing Municipality as the research object, the flood hazard, sensitivity and vulnerability are considered. Eight evaluation factors, such as precipitation, terrain, vegetation index and GDP per unit area, are selected to evaluate the comprehensive risk of flood disaster in Chongqing by using the function of GIS spatial analysis. The results show that the flood risk is dangerous. The sensitivity and vulnerability show obvious spatial regional characteristics, and the risk increases gradually from west to east, the peak value is concentrated in the two wings of southeast Chongqing and northeast Chongqing, which is affected by topography, river network density and vegetation index. The distribution of flood sensitivity index showed a high spatial correlation with the flow direction of the main stream of the Yangtze River. The peak value was concentrated in Yongchuan, Jiang Jin, north of the Yangtze River, Fuling, Qianjiang and other counties along the main stream of the Yangtze River. The vulnerability index is basically consistent with the spatial distribution of social and economic development in Chongqing. In general, the risk grade of flood disaster in the study area is decreasing from west to east, and the risk level of western Chongqing is higher than that of the main city with more developed economy. In the underdeveloped southeast of Chongqing, the risk level of northeast Chongqing is relatively small.
【作者单位】：重庆工商大学旅游与国土资源学院;重庆农村土地交易所;
【基金】：教育部人文社科项目(13YJCZH268) 重庆市决策咨询与管理创新项目(cstc2013jccxA0158) 重庆市教委科技项目(KJ120726)
【分类号】：P208;X43

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