断路器和组合电器生产线职业病危害现状调查与评价

发布时间：2018-03-21 09:48

本文选题：职业病危害因素　切入点：防护　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：[背景]随着经济的快速发展和人民生活水平的提高,我国的电力企业也有了迅猛发展,其中超高压送电线路为国家电网运行提供核心支持,而断路器和组合电器是其中不可或缺的一环。虽然断路器和组合电器产量不断增大,但对其生产过程中产生的职业病危害及劳动者防护研究还较少。[目的]调查断路器和组合电器生产过程中职业病危害因素及对人群健康的影响;评价职业病防护措施的有效性,并对各种危害因素提出防护对策,为企业职业病的预防和控制提供依据。[对象与方法]对象:某公司断路器和组合电器生产线的壳体车间、加工车间、机构车间、绝缘车间、喷涂车间、装配车间。方法:通过现场调查及查阅有关技术资料,了解生产工艺的全过程以及生产运行情况,了解生产过程中使用的原辅料,并在此基础上确定生产中产生的职业病危害因素。在现场调查基础上,按照有关国家职业卫生标准要求,结合现场生产情况,对职业病危害因素的浓度(强度)进行职业卫生检测与评价;通过职业病危害因素暴露水平和职业健康检查数据的结合,评价作业人员个人防护水平及健康情况。[结果]1.主要生产工艺及产生的职业病危害因素:工件通过机械加工、焊接成型、检验及气密试验、涂装、清洗干燥、装配调试、试验检测、包装出厂。生产过程中产生的职业病危害因素主要有粉尘(氧化铝粉尘、其他粉尘、电焊烟尘)、锰、氮氧化物、一氧化碳、硫化氢、臭氧、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、六氟化硫、工频电场、噪声、高温等。.(1)粉尘:粉尘时间加权平均浓度(CTWA)超限率为45.4%;除绝缘车间外,各车间CTWWA均超限;岗位超限率较高的为壳体车间抛光(100.0%)、机构车间手工焊(100.0%)和喷涂车间腻子打磨(75.0%)。(2)苯、甲苯、二甲苯:二甲苯CTWA超限工作点为喷涂车间腻子打磨,超限率为66.7%。所有作业点苯、甲苯CTWA皆不超限。(3)锰:锰CWA超限率为50.0%,超限率较高的车间为加工(70.0%)和机构(66.7%);超限率较高的岗位为机构车间手工焊(100.0%)、加工车间手工焊(70.0%)和壳体车间自动焊(50.0%)。(4)其它毒物:乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、硫化氢、臭氧、一氧化碳、氮氧化物和六氟化硫浓度均不超限。(5)噪声:检测作业点噪声8小时连续等效A声级(L。x.8h)超限率为24.7%;超限率较高的车间有喷涂(35.7%)、加工(34.5%)和壳体(27.3%);超限率100.0%的岗位分别是壳体车间抛光、加工车间清洗和喷涂车间腻子打磨。(6)工频电场、高温:工频电场强度和高温测定结果均不超限。2.职工健康状况:公司为844名劳动者进行了职业健康检查,共检出职业性疾病50例(5.9%),其中喷漆工白细胞偏低检出10例(1.2%),听力异常检出24例(2.8%),电焊工X线胸片异常检出16例(1.9%)。3、生产线设计并使用了防尘毒、防高温和防工频电场设施;公司建立了系统的职业卫生管理体系。[结论]1.断路器和组合电器生产线主要职业病危害因素为粉尘、锰、噪声、二甲苯。职业病危害比较严重的车间为壳体车间、加工车间、喷涂车间。2.壳体车间、加工车间、机构车间的手工焊作业点的粉尘、锰、噪声污染水平较高;喷涂车间腻子打磨岗位的噪声及二甲苯污染水平较高。手工焊和腻子打磨岗位为职业病危害关键控制点。3.企业职业病防护设施防护能力不足,职业健康检查率低,职业卫生管理不到位导致部分职工患有职业性疾病。
[Abstract]:[background] with the rapid development of economy and the improvement of people's living standard, the electric power enterprises in China has been rapid development, the EHV transmission lines to provide core support for the national power grid, and circuit breakers and switchgear is one of the essential. Although the circuit breaker and the combination of electrical production is increasing, but the occupation disease produced during the production process of occupation disease harm and worker protection research is still less. To investigate the circuit breaker and the combination of electrical appliances in the production process of risk factors and the effect to health evaluation; occupation disease prevention measures is effective, and puts forward the protection countermeasure of various risk factors, provide the basis for the object and object. Method for the prevention and control of occupation disease: Housing Enterprise workshop, a company of circuit breakers and combination electric appliance production line processing workshop, workshop organization, insulation workshop, painting workshop, assembly workshop. Method: through field investigation and consult relevant technical data, to understand the production process of the whole process of production and operation, the use of knowledge in the production process of raw materials in the production of occupation disease to determine risk factors and on this basis. On the basis of field investigation, in accordance with the relevant national standard occupation requirements, combined with on-site production and the concentration of occupation hazards (strength) detection and evaluation of occupation health; combined with the exposure level and occupation health examination data by occupation hazard factors, hazard assessment of the operation personnel occupation disease protection level and personal health. The results of]1. main production process and the workpiece through mechanical processing, welding test, test, and air dry cleaning, coating, assembling, testing, packaging factory. Occupation hazard factors in the production process were mainly dust ( Alumina dust, other dust, welding fumes), manganese, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, ozone, hydrogen sulfide, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, six sulfur hexafluoride, power frequency electric field, noise, high temperature etc... (1) dust: dust concentration time weighted average (CTWA) overrun rate was 45.4%; in addition to the insulation outside the workshop CTWWA, the workshop was overrun; post overrun rate high is the shell polishing workshop (100%), (100%) agency workshop manual welding and polishing putty spraying workshop (75%). (2) benzene, toluene, xylene, xylene CTWA overrun point spraying workshop putty grinding, overrun rate of 66.7%. for all operating points of benzene CTWA, toluene is not overrun. (3): CWA manganese manganese overrun rate was 50%, exceeding high rate of workshop for processing (70%) and institutions (66.7%); the higher post for the overrun rate mechanism (100%) workshop manual welding, manual welding processing workshop (70%) and the shell (50% automatic welding workshop (4) the). It is the poison: methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, hydrogen sulfide, ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and six sulfur fluoride concentrations were not overrun. (5) noise detection: 8 hours of continuous operation at the noise equivalent sound level A (L.x.8h) overrun rate is 24.7%; the higher car overrun rate between spraying (35.7%), processing (34.5%) and the housing (27.3%); 100% of the positions were overrun rate shell polishing workshop workshop, cleaning and polishing putty spraying workshop. (6):.2. high frequency electric field, the workers health status determination results of power frequency electric field intensity and high temperature are not to exceed the limit: carry out occupation health examination for 844 workers, there were 50 cases of occupation disease (5.9%), wherein the spray of white blood cells were detected in 10 cases of low (1.2%), abnormal hearing was found in 24 cases (2.8%), welders abnormal chest X-ray detected 16 cases (1.9%) of.3, the production line design and the use of toxic dust, anti high temperature and anti power frequency electric field The company has established the main facilities; occupation disease system occupation health management system. Conclusion]1. circuit breaker and combination electric appliance production line hazard factors of dust, manganese, noise, xylene. Occupation disease serious harm to shell workshop workshop, machining workshop, painting workshop workshop workshop,.2. shell, dust, manual welding operation the workshop mechanism of manganese, the noise pollution level is higher; the post grinding putty spraying workshop noise and high pollution level. Xylene manual welding and grinding putty post for the occupation disease harm critical control points.3. enterprise occupation disease prevention facilities lack of protection capacity, occupation health examination rate is low, occupation health management is not in place leading to some workers suffering from occupation the disease.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R134

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