丁醇精馏过程安全与环境风险评价

发布时间：2018-03-30 00:13

本文选题：丁醇精馏　切入点：HAZOP分析　出处：《昆明理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会化大生产的日趋发展,社会对化工产品的需求量突飞猛进,其质量也要求越来越高。其安全性、稳定性、周期性运行显得更为重要,对其工艺过程开展HAZOP分析和环境风险评价,及时发现生产过程中的潜伏危害因素,是防患事故发生、确保稳定运作和安全生产的重要方法。本论文基于国内丁醇合成工艺过程为研究对象,研究内容主要包括:(1)通过对正昌化工有限公司丁醇工艺项目的现场调研和数据资料收集,分析引起火灾、爆炸以及有毒物质泄漏等重大事故的危险因素。通过危险和可操作性分析(HAZOP),寻找可能引发事故潜在的危险源、危险物质以及影响该工艺过程安全稳定的重要工艺参数,对化工过程的安全与环境问题导致事故发生的原因进行分析,寻求控制事故的最优方案。(2)在HAZOP优化分析丁醇精馏的基础上,为了确保化工过程在不同的环境条件下运行能达到最佳状态和取得最好的经济效益,需要对工艺过程系统实行定量的有效的动态安全模拟。通过考察精馏过程中的具体工艺参数对过程安全的影响程度,以便采取安全有效的控制措施来避免由工艺参数出现偏差引起的事故。(3)本研究选取丁醇精馏过程为研究对象,对比多种风险评价方法,最终确定采用高斯烟羽模式和火灾爆炸模型对该丁醇精馏的环境风险进行评价,着重评价了环境风险方法对丁醇精馏过程的影响,分析了丁醇生产过程中的最大可信事故为丁醇储罐泄漏、丁醇火灾爆炸。采用多种事故模式以及导则推荐模型分别模拟了事故状态下丁醇罐泄漏的环境风险影响;计算了事故状态下丁醇装置泄漏、火灾和爆炸的环境风险影响。(4)分析在丁醇精馏过程中起到危害安全的不利因素,结合丁醇泄漏过程中危险有害因素带来的安全性问题。在设备、设施或系统进行测试之前,提出保障装置有效运行的过程控制、应急救援、风险预案以及管理体系方面的风险缓解对策措施,以实现人、机、环境的安全化。同时,为其他化工企业进行安全分析与安全评价提供指导作用和参考意义。
[Abstract]:With the development of socialized mass production, the demand for chemical products is advancing by leaps and bounds, and its quality is becoming higher and higher. Its safety, stability and periodic operation are more important. HAZOP analysis and environmental risk assessment are carried out to detect the latent hazard factors in the production process in time, which is the prevention of accidents. This paper is based on the domestic butanol synthesis process, the main research contents include: 1) through the field investigation and data collection of butanol process project of Zhengchang Chemical Co., Ltd. Analyze the risk factors causing major accidents, such as fire, explosion and toxic material leakage. Through hazard and maneuverability analysis, look for potential hazard sources that may lead to accidents, The hazardous substances and the important process parameters which affect the safety and stability of the process are analyzed, and the causes of the accidents caused by the safety and environmental problems of the chemical process are analyzed. On the basis of HAZOP optimization analysis of butanol distillation, in order to ensure that the chemical process under different environmental conditions can achieve the best state and obtain the best economic benefits. It is necessary to carry out quantitative and effective dynamic safety simulation of the process system. In order to take safe and effective control measures to avoid the accident caused by the deviation of process parameters. (3) in this study, butanol distillation process was selected as the research object, and a variety of risk assessment methods were compared. Finally, Gao Si smoke plume model and fire explosion model were used to evaluate the environmental risk of butanol distillation, and the influence of environmental risk method on the process of butanol distillation was emphatically evaluated. The largest credible accidents in the production of butanol were analyzed. The environmental risk effects of butanol tank leakage were simulated by using various accident modes and guidelines recommended models. The environmental risk effects of leakage, fire and explosion of butanol unit under accident state are calculated. 4) the adverse factors that endanger the safety of butanol distillation process are analyzed. Combined with safety problems caused by hazardous and harmful factors during butanol leakage. Before equipment, facility or system is tested, process control and emergency rescue are proposed to ensure the effective operation of the device. In order to realize the safety of human, machine and environment, the risk plan and the risk mitigation measures in management system can provide guidance and reference for other chemical enterprises to carry out safety analysis and safety evaluation.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ223.124;TQ086

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