巴彦淖尔民航机场鸟击风险评估及鸟击防范

发布时间：2018-04-03 18:42

本文选题：鸟类生态学　切入点：鸟击　出处：《内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版)》2015年03期

【摘要】：为开展鸟击预防工作,及减少鸟击事故的发生,2012年5月至2013年4月,采用样带法和固定半径样点法对巴彦淖尔民航机场及机场周边8km范围内的鸟类进行了系统调查和研究.依据飞行高度、相对数量、相对时间、生境利用率、相对重量组成的综合风险值对鸟类危险等级进行分类.根据不同调查区、不同生境的鸟类群落的分布及环境因子提出了防范对策.记录到的95种鸟类隶属于15目35科,其中繁殖鸟为65种,严重危险鸟类8种,很危险鸟类15种,较危险鸟类17种,一般危险鸟类25种;A区冬季多样性指数最高,B区秋季密度指数较高,C区多样性指数与均匀度指数在全年调查中波动最小,湿地的多样性指数最高、优势度最低,居民区的密度最高,机场草地和居民区生境鸟类构成相似性指数最高;以飞行区内外环境的改造为主,采用既不伤害鸟类、又能让其主动远离机场的人性化驱鸟措施,结合驱鸟技术和设备的使用是达到理想的净空环境的必要条件.
[Abstract]:In order to prevent bird strikes and reduce the occurrence of bird strike accidents, a systematic investigation and study on birds in the 8km area of Bayannur civil aviation airport and its periphery was carried out from May 2012 to April 2013 by using sample belt method and fixed radius sampling method.According to the comprehensive risk values of flight altitude, relative quantity, relative time, habitat utilization ratio and relative weight, the bird risk grade was classified.According to the distribution and environmental factors of bird community in different survey areas and different habitats, the countermeasures were put forward.There are 95 species of birds belonging to 35 families of 15 orders, including 65 species of breeding birds, 8 species of seriously dangerous birds, 15 species of very dangerous birds and 17 species of more dangerous birds.The winter diversity index of 25 species of dangerous birds was the highest and the autumn density index of area B was higher. The diversity index and evenness index of area C were the least fluctuating in the whole year, the diversity index of wetland was the highest and the dominance was the lowest.The density of the residential area is the highest, and the similarity index of the bird composition between the airport grassland and the residential habitat is the highest; the transformation of the environment inside and outside the flying area is the main one, and the humanized bird repelling measures, which neither harm the bird nor make it active away from the airport, are adopted.The combination of bird displacement technology and equipment is a necessary condition to achieve an ideal clearance environment.
【作者单位】：内蒙古大学生命科学学院;赤峰市林业局;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(J1030624)
【分类号】：Q958.1;V328.1

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