水力降低爆破尘毒试验研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 01:48

本文选题：爆破粉尘　切入点：爆破有毒气体　出处：《金属矿山》2016年08期

【摘要】：爆破后产生大量微细颗粒和有毒有害气体(简称为尘毒),严重污染工作面的环境,经常导致中毒事故和矽肺病等职业病发生。为有效控制爆破粉尘和爆破有毒有害气体,从爆破尘毒机理分析出发,在自制的密闭容器内开展了不同装药结构的爆破尘毒控制试验。通过试验得出:采用孔口布置、孔底布置以及径向布置水间隔装药结构时,其粉尘吸附率分别为73.49%、71.08%和32.53%,CO吸收率分别为69.95%、36.85%、14.11%。综合考虑现场应用的可操作性,孔口水布置的降尘毒装药结构效果较好,易于现场操作。现场试验表明:采用微尘爆破装药结构后,粉尘浓度比对照试验要低70.27%~77.42%,具有较好的除尘效果,有效降低了通风除尘时间,验证了爆破水力除尘的可行性和可靠性,为矿山创造良好的生产作业环境提供了指导,具有较好的推广应用价值。
[Abstract]:After blasting, a large number of fine particles and toxic and harmful gases (referred to as dust poison), which seriously pollute the environment of the working face, often lead to accidents of poisoning and occupational diseases such as silicosis.In order to effectively control the blasting dust and the poisonous and harmful gas in blasting, based on the analysis of the mechanism of blasting dust poison, the control tests of blasting dust poison with different charge structures were carried out in a self-made airtight vessel.The results show that the dust adsorption rate is 73.49 71.08% and 32.53% respectively when the pore opening arrangement, the hole bottom arrangement and the radial arrangement are used for water spacer charge, respectively. The CO absorptivity is 69.95%, 36.85% and 14.11, respectively.Considering the feasibility of field application, the structure of dedusting poison charge with orifice water arrangement is better and easy to be operated on the spot.The field test shows that the dust concentration is 70.27% lower than that of the control test, which has better dust removal effect, reduces the ventilation dust removal time effectively, and verifies the feasibility and reliability of blasting hydraulic dust removal.It provides guidance for the mine to create a good environment for production and operation, and has a good value of popularization and application.
【作者单位】：马鞍山矿山研究院爆破工程有限责任公司;中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司;金属矿山安全与健康国家重点实验室;
【分类号】：TD714

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