高斯烟羽模型的改进及在危化品泄漏事故模拟中的应用

发布时间：2018-04-06 02:11

本文选题：化工园区　切入点：扩散模型　出处：《广州大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来，化工园区发展迅速，但常常受到突发性安全事故的影响，化工行业的危险性较其他行业要大，发生事故的后果也往往比较严重。危险化学品泄露事故频发，给社会和生态环境带来了极大的危害。有毒气体泄漏事故具有突发性，难以控制。论文介绍了危险化学品及化学品事故的特点，并对化学品事故进行了统计分析。气体扩散模型能够描述泄漏物在大气中的扩散行为，本文对泄漏源和气体扩散模型理论进行了简要介绍。气体扩散模型种类繁多，本文重点选取了发展较成熟或研究较热的几类，包括Sutton模型、高斯模型、Pasquill-Gifford模型和具有代表性的重气扩散模型。经过比较，高斯扩散模型模式简单、易于计算，具有较高的时空分辨率和相当的精度，使用范围广，本文关注于研究用于描述连续释放源泄漏出的气体的稳态浓度的高斯烟羽模型。高斯烟羽模型是在一定的假设条件下成立的，，模型被应用于处理复杂问题时，模拟精度会大为降低，误差较大。因此，在实际应用中，模型的改进工作是必不可少的。本文结合清远华侨工业园区化工基地的实际情况和模型成立的假设条件，对模型在源强、有效高度、风速、反射作用的影响等方面进行了改进，有效地提高了模型的模拟精度。气体扩散模型与管理系统必须借助一定的技术手段。以VisualC++6.0为开发平台，实现了高斯烟羽模型与GIS的集成，开发出了基于GIS的事故后果的三维模拟和可视化系统，实现了有毒气体扩散的动态仿真，能够较好地预测出污染物的浓度分布，使事件的影响范围、危害程度、发展趋势变得一目了然。应用系统实例分析了一定气象条件、地理条件、泄露源强、气体类型和泄露方式下，有毒气体泄漏后浓度的分布情况，即便于平时应急预案制定，又可为即时的应急指挥提供辅助决策。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the chemical industry park has developed rapidly, but it is often affected by the sudden safety accidents. The chemical industry is more dangerous than other industries, and the consequences of the accidents are often more serious.Dangerous chemical leakage accidents occur frequently and bring great harm to society and ecological environment.The accident of toxic gas leakage is unexpected and difficult to control.This paper introduces the characteristics of hazardous chemicals and chemical accidents, and makes statistical analysis of chemical accidents.The gas diffusion model can describe the diffusion behavior of the leak in the atmosphere. The theory of the leakage source and the gas diffusion model is briefly introduced in this paper.There are many kinds of gas diffusion models. In this paper, several kinds of gas diffusion models are selected, including Sutton model, Pasquill-Gifford model and representative heavy gas diffusion model.By comparison, Gao Si's diffusion model is simple, easy to calculate, has high space-time resolution and considerable accuracy, and has a wide range of applications.This paper focuses on the Gao Si plume model, which is used to describe the steady state concentration of the gas released from the continuous emission source.Gao Si's smoke plume model is established under certain assumptions. When the model is used to deal with complex problems, the simulation accuracy will be greatly reduced and the error will be large.Therefore, in practical application, the improvement of the model is essential.Based on the actual situation of the chemical industry base in Qingyuan overseas Chinese Industrial Park and the hypothetical conditions for the establishment of the model, this paper improves the model in the aspects of source strength, effective height, wind speed and the effect of reflection, and effectively improves the simulation accuracy of the model.The gas diffusion model and management system must rely on certain technical means.On the platform of VisualC 6.0, the integration of Gao Si smoke plume model and GIS is realized, and the 3D simulation and visualization system of accident consequence based on GIS is developed, and the dynamic simulation of toxic gas diffusion is realized.The concentration distribution of pollutants can be predicted well, so that the influence range, harm degree and development trend of the event become clear at a glance.The distribution of the concentration of toxic gas after leakage under certain meteorological conditions, geographical conditions, strong leakage sources, gas types and leakage modes is analyzed by an example of the system, even if the emergency plan is formulated in peacetime.It can also provide immediate emergency command to assist decision-making.
【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TQ086.5

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