高硫原油加工过程硫化氢中毒风险辨识及分级方法研究

发布时间：2018-04-08 22:02

本文选题：高硫原油　切入点：硫化氢　出处：《中国石油大学（华东）》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着世界原油资源的逐渐枯竭，优质原油量越来越少，国内进口劣质原油的量也随之增加。国内炼厂为了提高经济效益，降低加工成本，也开始逐年增加劣质原油的加工量，特别是高含硫原油的加工量逐年增加。这不仅给炼油设备带来了挑战，也直接影响作业人员的生命安全。为提高炼厂加工高硫原油的可靠性以及降低作业人员中毒风险，本文根据硫迁移转化规律研究成果，重点分析了硫化氢来源、分布及危害，辨识出了硫化氢易发生泄漏的风险点，以某炼化企业具体情况为例，辨识出典型炼化装置硫化氢分布情况。为了便于炼厂对硫化氢泄漏有效的管理，采用事故树方法对导致硫化氢泄漏的因素逐一排查，并结合炼厂工艺，编制出了能快速有效的查找硫化氢泄漏的系统化方法。针对易发生硫化氢泄漏的风险点，提出一套行之有效的硫化氢中毒风险分级方法，该方法以硫化氢泄漏概率和泄漏后果为依据，采用层次分析法进行风险分级，为便于高硫原油加工企业对硫化氢中毒进行有效的管理，结合分级结果，采用VB编程语言开发的一套单机版管理软件。为有效对硫化氢泄漏进行监管，建立了一套硫化氢在线监测系统，根据对某炼厂的前期调研以及现场勘查，具体介绍了硫化氢监测仪的布置，不同危险区域需要布置在线监测仪的数量以及布置原则。针对加工高含硫原油的炼厂作业人员不同的工作性质，，提出了不同的防硫化氢中毒的具体措施，对不同区域的作业人员制定了新的防护标准，确保作业人员在日常的作业中能有效的防止硫化氢的危害。另外，对硫化氢泄漏提出了具体的防护措施包括现场如何进行处理，人员如何进行救护。
[Abstract]:With the gradual depletion of crude oil resources in the world, the quantity of high quality crude oil is becoming less and less, and the quantity of domestic inferior crude oil is also increasing.In order to improve the economic benefit and reduce the processing cost, domestic refineries began to increase the processing quantity of inferior crude oil year by year, especially the processing quantity of high-sulfur crude oil.This not only brings challenges to refining equipment, but also directly affects the safety of operators.In order to improve the reliability of processing high sulfur crude oil in refineries and reduce the risk of poisoning of workers, the source, distribution and harm of hydrogen sulfide are analyzed in this paper according to the research results of sulfur migration and transformation law.The risk point of hydrogen sulfide leakage is identified, and the distribution of hydrogen sulfide in typical refining plant is identified by taking the specific situation of a refinery as an example.In order to facilitate the effective management of hydrogen sulfide leakage in refineries, an accident tree method was used to investigate the factors leading to hydrogen sulfide leakage one by one, and a systematic method to find hydrogen sulfide leakage quickly and effectively was developed in combination with the refinery process.Aiming at the risk point of hydrogen sulfide leakage, a set of effective risk classification method for hydrogen sulfide poisoning is put forward. The method is based on the leakage probability and consequence of hydrogen sulfide, and uses the analytic hierarchy process to classify the risk.In order to facilitate the effective management of hydrogen sulfide poisoning in high sulfur crude oil processing enterprises, a single computer management software was developed with VB programming language combined with the classification results.In order to supervise the hydrogen sulfide leakage effectively, an on-line monitoring system of hydrogen sulfide is established. According to the preliminary investigation and site investigation of a refinery, the arrangement of the hydrogen sulfide monitor is introduced in detail.The number of online monitors and the layout principles are required in different dangerous areas.In view of the different working properties of the workers of the refinery processing high sulfur crude oil, the specific measures to prevent hydrogen sulfide poisoning are put forward, and the new protection standards for the operators in different regions are formulated.To ensure that the operators can effectively prevent the harm of hydrogen sulfide in the daily operation.In addition, specific protection measures for hydrogen sulfide leakage are put forward, including how to deal with the site and how to rescue the personnel.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学（华东）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TE687

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