基于旅客行为特性的铁路客运站应急疏散仿真研究

发布时间：2018-04-13 16:20

本文选题：铁路客运站 + 应急疏散　；参考：《北京交通大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着铁路运输的更加快速便捷,越来越多的旅客选择铁路作为出行的交通工具,而铁路客运站作为铁路运输的生产单位,也俨然成为一个集多种交通方式于一体的综合交通枢纽,并且为了满足旅客出行过程的需求,车站也增添了大量的商业属性,这不仅给原本有限的候车区域造成严重的负担,也使旅客在站内的走行流线复杂化。在这种情况下,一旦发生紧急事件,由于站内人员密集,疏散流线复杂,极易造成旅客死伤的状况发生。因此,如何在铁路客运站开展有效的预防工作和应急疏散研究,提高车站的安全应急能力,对车站的工作组织有非常重要的现实意义。首先,本文分析了国内外学者对人员疏散的研究现状,总结了相关研究理论和研究趋势。其次,根据铁路客运站的自身特点,确定影响车站疏散效率的因素主要有三方面：车站建筑结构、客服设备能力和旅客属性。从车站建筑结构的角度,本文分析了铁路客运站的安全设计要求和疏散流线设计原则；从客服设备能力角度本文量化了疏散过程中设备的通过能力；从旅客属性的角度本文对旅客自身属性和旅客行为特性两方面进行研究总结。基于对旅客行为特性的分析,本文选择了比较能反映行人行为特性的社会力模型和基于社会力模型创建的Anylogic仿真软件,通过对站内旅客观察和事故资料分析,总结出站内旅客在疏散过程中通常表现出的结伴、携带行李和瓶颈口竞争三种典型行为,基于三种行为在疏散过程中的特殊性,对模型提出优化方案,并通过Anylogic仿真软件对三种行为在应急疏散过程中产生影响进行研究分析。最后,本文结合北京铁路局科技研究开发计划课题“大型客运站客运服务体系的优化研究”的研究工作,通过项目调研的北京站站内旅客行为数据,对站内在设计最高聚集人数情况下的应急疏散过程进行实例仿真分析。本文的部分研究成果已被北京站实际采纳,主要的研究内容包括：(1)当前建筑环境和设备条件下,北京站的整体疏散时间是否符合要求；(2)各疏散通道的疏散效率如何；(3)整个车站的疏散服务水平情况；(4)疏散过程中的瓶颈分析等。
[Abstract]:With the more rapid and convenient railway transportation, more and more passengers choose the railway as the means of transportation, and the railway passenger station as the production unit of railway transportation,It has also become an integrated transportation hub with a variety of transportation modes, and in order to meet the needs of the passenger travel process, the station has also added a large number of commercial attributes, which not only create a serious burden on the originally limited waiting areas,It also complicates the passenger flow line in the station.In this case, once an emergency occurs, the evacuation streamline is complicated because of the dense number of people in the station, which can easily lead to the death and injury of passengers.Therefore, how to carry out effective prevention work and emergency evacuation research in railway passenger station and improve the safety emergency ability of the station has very important practical significance for the work organization of the station.Firstly, this paper analyzes the current situation of the researches on evacuation at home and abroad, and summarizes the relevant research theories and research trends.Secondly according to the characteristics of railway passenger station the main factors influencing the efficiency of station evacuation are as follows: the structure of station the capacity of customer service equipment and the attribute of passenger.From the point of view of station construction structure, this paper analyzes the safety design requirements of railway passenger station and the design principle of evacuation streamline, quantifies the passing capacity of equipment in the process of evacuation from the point of view of customer service equipment capacity.From the point of view of passenger attributes, this paper makes a summary of passenger attributes and passenger behavior characteristics.Based on the analysis of passenger behavior characteristics, the social force model which can reflect the pedestrian behavior characteristics and the Anylogic simulation software based on the social force model are selected in this paper. The passenger observation and accident data analysis in the station are carried out.This paper summarizes three typical behaviors of passengers in the evacuation process, such as companionship, baggage carrying and bottleneck competition. Based on the particularity of the three behaviors in the evacuation process, the optimization scheme of the model is put forward.The influence of three behaviors during emergency evacuation is studied and analyzed by Anylogic simulation software.Finally, this paper combines the research work of Beijing Railway Administration Science and Technology Research and Development Project, "Research on the Optimization of passenger Service system of large passenger Transport Station", through the data of passenger behavior in Beijing Station investigated by the project.The simulation analysis of emergency evacuation process in the case of the design of maximum number of aggregates is carried out.Some of the research results of this paper have been actually adopted by Beijing Railway Station. The main research contents include: 1) under the current construction environment and equipment conditions,Whether the overall evacuation time of Beijing station meets the requirements? (2) how is the evacuation efficiency of each evacuation passageway? 3) the evacuation service level of the whole station and 4) the bottleneck analysis in the evacuation process, etc.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U298

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