基于风险的大型原油储罐防火间距研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 06:39

本文选题：大型原油储罐 + 防火间距　；参考：《中国矿业大学（北京）》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：储罐及储备库的大型化集约化发展，虽然给国家原油储备提供了便利，但也给储罐间防火间距的合理性设置提出新的挑战。防火间距过大会极大的提高原油储备工程建设的成本，防火间距过小则会增加储罐间火灾蔓延的风险，给原油储备的安全运行埋下巨大隐患。综合对比了国内外大型原油储罐的防火间距设定原则和标准，统计分析了大型外浮顶储罐的火灾事故及其风险因素，研究了大型外浮顶储罐火灾环境模拟方法和火灾环境下邻近储罐的热响应过程模拟方法，提出了储罐失效风险的概念并建立了储罐失效风险计算模型，依据ALARP原则制定了针对不同失效模式的储罐失效风险容许标准。将研究成果结合工程实例应用表明在现有标准中的防火间距布局下，，储罐失效风险值处于可容许风险，仍需采取防护措施尽可能的予以降低。论文的研究成果为大型原油储罐的防火间距设置提供了科学合理的方法。
[Abstract]:The large-scale intensive development of storage tanks and storage tanks has provided convenience for the national crude oil reserve, but it also poses a new challenge to the rational setting of the interval between tanks against fire.The construction cost of crude oil reserve project is greatly increased by the meeting of fire prevention interval, and the risk of fire spread between storage tanks will be increased if the fire prevention distance is too small, which will lay a huge hidden danger to the safe operation of crude oil reserve.This paper comprehensively compares the setting principles and standards of fire prevention distance of large crude oil storage tanks at home and abroad, and analyzes statistically the fire accidents of large floating roof tanks and their risk factors.The fire environment simulation method of large floating roof tank and the thermal response process simulation method of adjacent storage tank in fire environment are studied. The concept of tank failure risk is put forward and the calculation model of tank failure risk is established.According to the principle of ALARP, the allowable criteria of tank failure risk for different failure modes are established.Combining the research results with engineering examples, it is shown that under the layout of fire prevention distance in the existing standards, the tank failure risk value is acceptable, and the protective measures should be taken to reduce it as far as possible.The research results of this paper provide a scientific and reasonable method for setting the fire-proof distance of large crude oil storage tanks.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学（北京）
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X937

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