沼气工程火灾爆炸危险性及安全技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 16:17

本文选题：沼气工程 + 故障树　；参考：《东北大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济的高速发展,全球性的能源危机和环境污染问题日益突出,沼气作为一种清洁无污染且可再生的生物质能源,可以有效缓解能源和环境危机。近年来在国家政策大力推动下,中国的沼气工程产业得到了大规模发展,但对其所存在的安全问题一直未给予应有的重视,留下了重大事故隐患。本文通过查阅文献和实地调研,了解国内沼气工程产业的发展现状及存在的问题。在研究沼气工程技术及工艺的基础上,对沼气成分及燃爆特性进行了分析。构建了沼气发酵厂房和室外储罐发生火灾爆炸的故障树,进行了定性和定量分析,找到了导致事故的薄弱环节和关键因素,并计算得到了发生火灾爆炸事故的概率。用道化学公司的火灾爆炸指数法对沼气工程的主装置区和储罐区的火灾爆炸危险性进行评价,确定了其工艺危险系数和安全补偿系数,并最终确定了其火灾爆炸危险等级。针对沼气泄漏后可能发生的闪火、气云爆炸、稳态燃烧以及可能进一步引发的沼气储罐爆炸进行定量分析,通过计算得到其安全半径和死亡半径,并详细列出了人体不同损伤程度的区间。在分析沼气燃爆特性的基础上,科学地确定了沼气沼气储罐与各个建构筑物的防火间距。从总平面布置、防火分区、防火间距、生产工艺、设备安全、安全防护、消防设施、安全色、安全标志八个方面研究了沼气工程安全技术。最后对沼气工程中存在的安全隐患进行详细分析,并提出了针对性的整改措施。本文的研究工作可以为制定沼气工程安全技术规程、设计规范以及企业制定安全管理制度提供依据。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, the global energy crisis and environmental pollution are increasingly prominent. As a clean, non-polluting and renewable biomass energy, biogas can effectively alleviate the energy and environmental crisis. In recent years, the biogas engineering industry in China has been developed on a large scale under the impetus of national policies, but the safety problems have not been given due attention, leaving a serious accident hidden trouble. In this paper, the current situation and problems of biogas engineering industry in China are studied through literature review and field investigation. Based on the study of biogas engineering technology and technology, the composition and explosion characteristics of biogas were analyzed. The fault tree of fire and explosion in biogas fermenting workshop and outdoor storage tank is constructed. The qualitative and quantitative analysis are carried out, the weak links and key factors leading to the accident are found, and the probability of fire explosion accident is calculated. The fire and explosion risk of biogas engineering is evaluated by the fire explosion index method of Dow Chemical Company. The technological hazard coefficient and safety compensation coefficient are determined, and the fire explosion hazard grade is finally determined. Aiming at the possible flash fire, gas cloud explosion, steady state combustion and the explosion of biogas storage tank that may occur after biogas leakage, the safety radius and death radius of biogas storage tank can be obtained by calculating. The interval of different degree of human injury is listed in detail. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of biogas explosion, the distance between biogas storage tank and each building structure was scientifically determined. The safety technology of biogas engineering is studied from eight aspects: general layout, fire protection, fire prevention, production process, equipment safety, safety protection, fire fighting facilities, safety color and safety marking. Finally, the hidden danger of biogas engineering is analyzed in detail, and the corresponding measures are put forward. The research work in this paper can provide the basis for drawing up the safety technical specification, design specification and safety management system of biogas engineering.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X932;S216.4

【参考文献】