井下矿用救生舱空气调节系统研究

发布时间：2018-05-08 11:40

本文选题：矿井救灾 + 救生舱　；参考：《西安科技大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：在我国煤矿事故频繁发生，而且由于事故救灾措施及设施不完善，经常造成重大人员伤亡。因此，为了避免事故造成人员伤亡，国家安全生产总局提出了在矿井下建立矿井救灾“六大避难系统”，矿用救生舱就是其中之一。然而矿用救生舱内的空调系统还没有一个统一方案。本文在查阅相关国内外文献的基础上，对8人矿井固定救生舱中的空调系统做了比较深入的研究，为矿用救生舱内空调系统设计提供了选择依据。首先，对矿用救生舱内空调负荷进行了分析，并提出了可行的计算方法，对所研究的救生舱而言，在96h舱内得热量为7.1×105KJ，散湿量为96.12kg，耗氧量为1234.3mol，放出CO_2量为1028.57mol。其次，从保证舱内空气品质出发，对舱内的CO_2、CO的处理方法及供氧方式进行研究。研究表明：从经济上和占用救生舱内有效容积考虑，选用Na2O2吸收法处理CO_2比较合理；处理CO采用活性炭和稀释相结合的方法；供氧方式优先选用压风管道，若压风管道破坏，则采用化学供氧和储存氧相结合的方法；过渡舱内设置空气幕保证舱内正压。第三，提出了救生舱的6种空调系统方案，包括防爆空调系统（方案I），CO_2空调系统（方案II），NH_3系统（方案III），固体吸附系统（方案IV），冰蓄冷系统（方案V）以及涡流管制冷系统（方案VI）。第四，从安全、经济、占用救生舱内有效容积、可靠运行等方面研究了上述各方案的特征。得出单独利用涡流管制冷技术需求压缩空气量过于庞大，不适宜单独应用于救生舱制冷技术；从安全角度分析，CO_2，NH_3系统在使用时要注意防漏，使用这两种方案时，需考虑可能带来的影响；固体吸附及蓄冷空调技术是比较好的方案，通过对除方案VI外各空调系统的现值成本分析，得出PCI=59193.6元，PCII=74289.8元，PCIII=19667.9元，PCIV=47606.98元，PCV=76719.97元，可以看出PCI最低其次是PCIV。从安全、占有救生舱内有效容积及现值成本综合考虑分析，最佳方案为固体吸附制冷系统。
[Abstract]:Coal mine accidents occur frequently in our country and often cause heavy casualties due to imperfect disaster relief measures and facilities. Therefore, in order to avoid casualties caused by accidents, the State Administration of Safety and production has proposed the establishment of "six refuge systems" for mine disaster relief under the mine, among which mine lifebuoys are one of them. However, there is no unified scheme for air conditioning system in mine lifebuoys. On the basis of consulting relevant domestic and foreign literature, this paper makes a deep research on the air conditioning system in the fixed lifebuoy of 8 people mine, which provides the basis for the selection of the air conditioning system design in the mine lifebuoy cabin. Firstly, the air conditioning load in mine lifebuoy is analyzed, and a feasible calculation method is put forward. For the cabin studied, the heat is 7.1 脳 10 ~ 5KJ, the moisture dissipation is 96.12 kg, the oxygen consumption is 1234.3 mol, and the CO_2 is 1028.57 mol in 96 h cabin. Secondly, in order to ensure the air quality in the cabin, the treatment method and oxygen supply method of CO2CO in the cabin are studied. The results show that it is reasonable to choose Na2O2 absorption method to treat CO_2 in terms of economy and effective volume in the cabin, to treat CO by combining activated carbon with dilution, and to use pressurized air pipe as the first way of oxygen supply, if the pressurized air pipe is destroyed, The method of chemical oxygen supply and storage oxygen is adopted, and the positive pressure in the cabin is ensured by air curtain in the transition chamber. Thirdly, six schemes of air conditioning system for the lifebuoy are proposed, including the explosion-proof air conditioning system (I / O / C / 2) system (scheme II / I / NH / 3 system), the solid adsorption system (scheme IV / V), the ice storage system (scheme VV) and the vortex tube refrigeration system (scheme VI). Fourthly, the characteristics of the above schemes are studied from the aspects of safety, economy, effective volume occupied in lifebuoy, reliable operation and so on. It is concluded that the amount of compressed air required for refrigeration by vortex tube alone is too large to be applied to the refrigeration technology of lifebuoys alone. From the point of view of safety, it is necessary to pay attention to leakage prevention in the use of the CO2T / NH3 system, and when using these two schemes, The technology of solid adsorption and cold storage air conditioning is a better scheme. By analyzing the present value cost of air conditioning system except for scheme VI, it is concluded that PCI=59193.6 yuan / PCIII (74289.8 yuan) or PCIII19667.9 yuan / PCVV / 47606.98 yuan / PCV $76719.97 is the lowest. Considering the safety, effective volume and present value cost, the best scheme is solid adsorption refrigeration system.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TD774

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