VANET环境下的道路交通安全问题及关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-08 13:41

本文选题：交通事故 + 安全　；参考：《扬州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,车辆保有量随着政策及生活等因素的影响而逐渐上升,而汽车带来便利的同时也产生了许多不利影响,诸如交通事故增加,人员伤亡增多,尾气排放问题等(其中的二氧化碳排放更是造成了温室效应)。因此,本文将重点研究道路的交通安全问题以及部分关键技术的实现。本文的主要工作有以下几个方面:(1)研究分析交通流的数学模型。首先通过马尔可夫链(Markov Chain)模型表达车辆在道路上的转移状态,详细介绍随机进程代数马尔科夫的基本理论以及推导引理的证明与应用。其次,通过结合现有理论研究,导出车辆到达遵循的分布规律,即在车流密度较小时遵循泊松分布规律,在车流密度较大时则遵循二项分布规律。此外,文章详细介绍了当前流行的数据采集与发送技术。就其中的射频识别(Radio Frequency Identification,RFID)技术进行了全面介绍,包括射频识别技术的流程、原理以及关键技术,后续章节将利用射频识别技术进行相关数据的收集与发送。(2)将车辆与行人不遵守交通规则的行为划分为两个部分:车与车之间以及车与人之间的违法行为。对待行人不遵守交通规则时,通过数字图像处理技术或者射频识别技术获取行人的异常行为并加以分析,再通过路边单元(Road Side Unit,RSU)以及车辆本身进行多跳传输相关紧急信息,及时告知后续车辆,避免交通事故的发生。对待车辆不遵守交通规则时,通过相关算法计算出车辆是否有闯红灯嫌疑,一旦确定有闯红灯嫌疑,通过扩音器将相关紧急信息发送给行人,行人根据相关算法采取必要措施,从而避免交通事故的发生。(3)重点对多跳通信(Multi-hop Communication)技术进行了分析研究。通过将时间车头时距(Time Headway)和空间车头时距(Distance Headway)联合在一起,运用模糊逻辑系统(Fuzzy Logic System),计算出多跳(Multi-hop)通信中下一跳(Next-hop)信息接收者。本文通过对比时间车头时距以及空间车头时距两种算法,通过仿真结果验证了本文提出的基于模糊逻辑系统算法的优越性。此外,文章还模拟计算了交通事故碰撞时产生的伤害,通过计算碰撞产生的冲量,确定驾驶员与乘客以及行人的受伤程度。(4)最后,将上述算法应用在实际当中,通过TraCI4Matlab软件仿真南京市的一个实际繁华路段场景。通过该场景的仿真计算,其结果可以看出本文算法的优势。此外,文章还通过改进汽车尾气CO_2的排放公式算法,提出可使汽车尾气CO_2的排放大大降低的策略。该算法以及策略不仅可确保道路交通安全,还实现了减排计划,完成了绿色出行的目标。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the number of vehicles has gradually increased with the influence of policy and living factors, while the convenience of the automobile has also produced many adverse effects, such as the increase of traffic accidents and the increase of casualties. Exhaust emissions and so on (the carbon dioxide emissions are also caused by Greenhouse Effect). Therefore, this paper will focus on road traffic safety and the implementation of some key technologies. The main work of this paper is to study and analyze the mathematical model of traffic flow. Firstly, the Markov chain chain model is used to express the transition state of the vehicle on the road. The basic theory of stochastic process algebra Markov and the proof and application of the push-guiding theory are introduced in detail. Secondly, by combining the existing theoretical research, the distribution law of vehicle arrival is derived, that is, the distribution law follows Poisson distribution when the traffic density is small, and the binomial distribution law when the traffic density is high. In addition, the paper introduces the current popular data acquisition and transmission technology in detail. The radio frequency identification identification (RFID) technology is introduced in detail, including the flow, principle and key technologies of RFID technology. In the following chapter, we use RFID technology to collect and send the relevant data. (2) the behavior of vehicle and pedestrian disobeying traffic rules is divided into two parts: the illegal behavior between vehicle and vehicle and between vehicle and person. When pedestrians do not comply with traffic rules, they obtain and analyze the abnormal behavior of pedestrians through digital image processing or radio frequency identification technology, and then carry out multi-hop transmission of relevant emergency information through the roadside unit Road Side Unit RSUs and the vehicle itself. Inform follow-up vehicles in time to avoid traffic accidents. When the vehicle does not abide by the traffic rules, it calculates whether the vehicle is suspected of running a red light by relevant algorithms. Once it is confirmed that there is a suspicion of running a red light, the relevant emergency information is sent to the pedestrian through a loudspeaker, and the pedestrian takes necessary measures according to the relevant algorithm. In order to avoid traffic accidents, the multi-hop communication technology is analyzed and studied. By combining time headway and space headway, the next hop Next-hops information receiver in multi-hop multi-hops communication is calculated by using fuzzy logic system (fuzzy logic system). In this paper, the superiority of the proposed algorithm based on fuzzy logic system is verified by comparing the two algorithms of time front time distance and space front time distance. In addition, the damage caused by traffic accident collision is simulated and calculated. By calculating the impulse caused by the collision, the injury degree of driver, passenger and pedestrian is determined. Finally, the above algorithm is applied in practice. This paper simulates the scene of an actual prosperous road in Nanjing by TraCI4Matlab software. Through the simulation of the scene, the results show the advantages of the algorithm. In addition, by improving the algorithm of exhaust CO_2 emission formula, the paper puts forward the strategy of greatly reducing the emission of automobile exhaust CO_2. The algorithm and strategy can not only ensure road traffic safety, but also achieve emission reduction plan and achieve the goal of green travel.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U492.8

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