全国山洪灾害防治县房屋损毁风险评估及原因探究

发布时间：2018-05-08 14:14

本文选题：房屋损毁风险 + 山洪灾害　；参考：《地球信息科学学报》2017年12期

【摘要】：中国山洪灾害造成的经济损失在各类灾害损失中所占比重日趋增大,其中房屋损毁是造成经济损失和人员伤亡的重要因素。本文以房屋为研究对象,基于全国山洪灾害调查评价提供的数据,分析房屋暴露量的时空分布特征,构建山洪灾害房屋损毁风险评估模型,对房屋损毁风险进行分析及原因探究。结果表明:(1)中国山洪灾害防治县以一层住宅为主,占比达50%以上的防治县分布范围大致与中国第二、三阶梯分界线一致;砖混结构仍为迄今为止中国山区农村运用最为广泛的房屋结构类型,其次为砖木结构,再次为钢混结构和其它结构;(2)中国山洪灾害防治县房屋脆弱性呈现西北高、东南低的整体空间格局;房屋损毁风险呈现东部高、西部低的空间分布特征,且损毁风险较高的地区呈带状或集聚状态分布。损毁风险很高的地区集中于辽东半岛、山东半岛、海南岛及东南沿海地带,且在燕山-太行山区呈现沿东北-西南方向的条带状分布,损毁风险较高的地区主要分布于太行山区及长江中下游地区;(3)房屋类型对山洪灾害房屋损毁风险贡献度较高的地区主要为山东省、山西省及河北省;山洪强度对房屋损毁风险贡献率较高的地区主要呈3条条带状分布:燕山-太行山分布带、浙闽滨海丘陵分布带、两广滨海分布带。
[Abstract]:The economic loss caused by mountain torrents in China is increasing day by day in all kinds of disaster losses, in which the damage of houses is an important factor causing economic losses and casualties. Based on the data provided by the investigation and evaluation of national mountain torrents disaster, this paper analyzes the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of house exposure, and constructs a risk assessment model of house damage caused by mountain torrents disaster. Analyze the risk of house damage and explore the reasons. The results show that the first floor residence is the main one in the mountain flood disaster prevention and control county in China, and the distribution range of the prevention and control county with a ratio of more than 50% is roughly the same as the second and third steps dividing line of China. The brick-concrete structure is still the most widely used house structure type in rural areas of China, followed by brick-wood structure, steel concrete structure and other structures.) the vulnerability of houses in mountain flood prevention and control counties in China is high in northwest China. The whole spatial pattern of the southeast is low, and the risk of house damage is high in the east and low in the west, and the higher risk of the damage is in the zonal or agglomeration state. The areas with high risk of damage are concentrated in the Liaodong Peninsula, Shandong Peninsula, Hainan Island and Southeast Coastal Zone, and are distributed along the northeast to southwest direction of the Yanshan-Taihang Mountains. The areas with high damage risk are mainly distributed in Taihang Mountains and the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River. The high contribution of housing types to the damage risk of mountain torrents is mainly in Shandong Province, Shanxi Province and Hebei Province. In the areas where the contribution rate of mountain torrents to building damage risk is high, there are mainly three belts: Yanshan-Taihang Mountains, Zhejiang and Fujian coastal hills, and Liangguang and Guangzhou coastal areas.
【作者单位】：中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室;中国科学院大学;江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室;大港油田勘探开发研究院;
【基金】：水科院全国山洪灾害调查评价项目(SHZH-IWHR-57) 特色研究所培育建设服务项目(Y55R0904YZ) 资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室自主创新项目(088RAA04YA)
【分类号】：TV87;X43

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