浅埋富水区下安全开采技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 02:00

本文选题：富水区 + 浅埋煤层　；参考：《西安科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国是“富煤、贫油、少气”的国家,煤炭资源在我国能源结构中占主体地位,煤炭的安全开采是社会稳定和发展的基石。陕北浅埋煤层有地质条件简单、煤质优良、煤层埋藏浅、易于开采、生产成本低的特点,但极易发生突水溃砂灾害,造成重大人员伤亡和财产损失,因此,突水溃砂日益成为广大学者研究的焦点。突水溃砂是由浅埋深、薄基岩、富含潜水的厚松散覆盖层这种特殊的地质环境决定的,受水文地质、工程地质、煤层、覆岩等条件以及开采方式等诸多因素的影响。本文以具有薄基岩、浅埋煤层、富水松散层特点的韩家湾煤矿2~(-2)煤开采入手,分析了突水溃砂的影响因素,建立了突水溃砂灾害的力学分析模型,并在此基础上提出了突水溃砂灾害的防治技术。将该项防治技术应用于韩家湾煤矿开采过程中,成功预防了突水溃砂事故的发生,保障了工作面的安全生产,取得了良好的技术、经济和社会效益。本文通过研究主要获得以下成果:(1)根据韩家湾2~(-2)煤工程地质与水文地质条件,分析了突水溃砂的影响因素及发生机理。总结出发生突水溃砂现象必须具备四方面条件:有充足的饱和含水砂层;有足够的过水砂通道;含水层潜伏的水头压力在扰动作用下形成的动水压力足以使砂颗粒移动;有足够的容水砂空间,在浅埋煤层地质环境下,当顶板薄基岩发生断裂,动水压力达到某一临界值后,就会造成大量的水砂混合流溃入巷道和采空区。(2)根据“两带”发育高度计算结果,2~(-2)煤层采厚平均为4.4m,理论计算两带高度分别为:冒落带13.29m,导水裂隙带高度46.95m,预计2~(-2)煤层顶板导水裂隙带发育高度将波及到上覆基岩含水层,其开采过程中会出现突水溃砂事故。(3)在支架后方,其上部老顶岩石由于挠曲形变产生的拉张力裂隙,总体沿垂向产生裂隙,裂隙呈上宽下窄的特点,在重力作用下,沿深度较大裂隙面形成滑动和错断离层,错断垂距一般在0.7~1.5m,该滑动直达上覆基岩含水层,必然导致含水层水溃入工作面,局部裂隙裂缝较宽区域,可能会导致突水溃砂。(4)提出突水溃砂的综合防治技术。综合分析突水溃砂的影响因素及形成条件,根据韩家湾煤矿防治水要求,进行矿井富水区防治水工程方案设计,内容包括:工程布置、施工工艺、安全技术措施等。在此基础上,设计矿井水综合利用方案、提出矿井水害防治措施、制定防水、防砂应急方案。
[Abstract]:China is a country rich in coal, lean oil and less gas. The coal resource occupies the main position in the energy structure of our country. The safe exploitation of coal is the cornerstone of social stability and development. The shallow buried coal bed in northern Shaanxi has the characteristics of simple geological conditions, fine coal quality, shallow coal seam burial, easy mining and low production cost. However, it is easy to occur water bursting and sand bursting disaster, resulting in heavy casualties and property losses. Water bursting and sand bursting has become the focus of scholars' research. The water bursting sand is determined by the special geological environment of shallow buried, thin bedrock and thick loose overburden rich in diving water, which is influenced by many factors, such as hydrogeology, engineering geology, coal seam, overburden rock and so on. In this paper, based on the coal mining of Hanjiawan coal mine with thin bedrock, shallow buried coal seam and rich water loose layer, the influencing factors of water bursting sand are analyzed, and the mechanical analysis model of water bursting sand disaster is established. On the basis of this, the prevention and cure technology of water inrush and sand burst is put forward. The application of this control technology in the mining process of Hanjiawan coal mine has successfully prevented the occurrence of water inrush and sand bursting accident, guaranteed the safety of working face, and obtained good technical, economic and social benefits. According to the geological and hydrogeological conditions of coal engineering in Hanjiawan, the influencing factors and occurrence mechanism of water bursting sand are analyzed in this paper. It is concluded that the phenomenon of water inrush must have four conditions: sufficient saturated water-bearing sand bed, sufficient passage of water passing sand, dynamic water pressure formed by latent head pressure of aquifer under disturbance, enough sand particles to move; Under the geological environment of shallow coal seam, when the roof thin bedrock breaks and the dynamic water pressure reaches a certain critical value, It will cause a large amount of water and sand mixed flow to burst into roadway and goaf. 2) according to the calculation result of "two zones" development height, the average mining thickness of coal seam is 4.4 m, the theoretical calculation height of the two zones is 13.29 m in caving zone and 46.95 m in fissure zone in water conduction. The height of the roof water conductivity fracture zone in the coal seam will spread to the overlying bedrock aquifer. In the process of mining, there will be water bursting and sand bursting accident. (3) behind the support, the tension fissure in the upper main roof rock due to the flexural deformation, and the fracture along the vertical direction in the whole, the fissure is the feature of the upper width and the lower narrow, under the action of gravity, Slippage and dislocation are formed along the deep fissure surface, and the vertical distance of the fault is generally 0.7 ~ 1.5 m. The slip to the overlying bedrock aquifer will inevitably lead to the aquifer water crashing into the face, and the local fissure area is wide. It may lead to water inrush sand burst. 4) put forward comprehensive prevention and cure technology of water inrush sand. According to the requirements of water prevention and control in Hanjiawan Coal Mine, this paper comprehensively analyzes the influencing factors and forming conditions of water bursting of water inrush, and designs the scheme of water prevention and control in the rich area of mine water, including engineering layout, construction technology, safety technical measures and so on. On this basis, the comprehensive utilization scheme of mine water is designed, the prevention and treatment measures of mine water disaster are put forward, and the emergency scheme of waterproof and sand control is formulated.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD745;TD823.83

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