尾矿坝爆破振动试验与仿真研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 21:55

本文选题：爆破振动 + 尾矿坝　；参考：《首都经济贸易大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：尾矿坝是重大危险源之一。但是随着我国金属非金属采矿事业的不断发展,往往尾矿坝与采场距离较近,而且尾矿坝一旦发生溃坝事故,其后果将是十分严重的。基于相似理论,在北京哲君科技有限公司矿区内建立了一个模拟尾矿坝,坝高约6.5m,库容约1000m3。本文以该模型为研究对象,在坝顶干滩处以及坝底附近进行了八次单孔爆破试验,并测得24组振动速度有效数据及15组加速度有效数据,同时取得了尾矿砂的物理参数。对测得的数据进行回归分析,得出了符合测试地点实际情况的萨道夫斯基公式。通过相关理论分析、数值模拟计算分析、仿真模拟分析等工程实践相结合的方式方法,对采场爆破振动波的速度和加速度峰值以及振动波主频和振动时间对于尾矿坝破坏作用进行了初步探讨,并通过相关理论分析以及数值迭代,得出了相较于《爆破安全规程》(GB6722-2011)所规定的振速安全允许标准更为科学的爆破振动波的速度和加速度安全判据。其中,通过密度分析得出一定程度的爆破振动对于尾矿坝的坝体具有密实作用,在产生较大破坏处,速度的最小值为23.6520cm/s,加速度为6.6546m2/S。而后,利用有限元分析软件FLAC2D,建立了模拟尾矿坝的有限元分析模型,输入典型加速度波形,根据仿真结果与模拟试验结果进行了对比分析,对之前的分析结果进行了对比修正,其结果试验分析得出的安全判据的可靠度进行了很好的验证。通过改变振动强度的振幅而得出尾矿库的安全判据：就尾矿库坝体而言,承受的最大安全振动加速度即为0.34g,对应的振动速度为17.55cm/s,但应该留有3倍以上的安全储备量,也就是在爆破作业过程中,应该控制爆破振动强度,使其在尾矿库坝体产生的振动强度小于0.11g,振动速度应小于5.85cm/s。
[Abstract]:Tailings dam is one of the major hazard sources. However, with the continuous development of metal non-metal mining in China, the tailings dam is often close to the stope, and once the tailings dam breaks the dam, the consequences will be very serious. Based on the similarity theory, a simulated tailings dam was established in the mining area of Beijing Zhe Jun Science and Technology Co., Ltd. The dam height is about 6.5 m and the storage capacity is about 1000m 3. In this paper, eight single hole blasting tests were carried out at the dry beach of the dam top and near the dam bottom, 24 sets of effective data of vibration velocity and 15 sets of effective data of acceleration were measured, and the physical parameters of tailings were obtained. Based on the regression analysis of the measured data, the Saadolski formula which accords with the actual situation of the test site is obtained. Through the relevant theory analysis, numerical simulation analysis, simulation analysis and other engineering practices combined methods, The effects of the peak velocity and acceleration of blasting vibration wave in stope and the main frequency and vibration time of vibration wave on the failure of tailings dam are preliminarily discussed, and the relevant theoretical analysis and numerical iteration are carried out. Compared with GB6722-2011, a more scientific criterion of velocity and acceleration safety of blasting vibration wave is obtained. Through density analysis, it is concluded that the blasting vibration is compacted to the dam body of the tailings dam. The minimum velocity is 23.6520 cm / s and the acceleration is 6.6546 m ~ 2 / s at the site of large damage. Then, the finite element analysis model of the tailings dam is established by using the finite element analysis software FLAC2D, and the typical acceleration waveform is inputted. According to the simulation results and the simulation test results, the former analysis results are compared and corrected. The reliability of the safety criterion obtained from the experimental analysis is well verified. By changing the amplitude of vibration intensity, the safety criterion of tailing reservoir is obtained: for the tailing dam body, the maximum safe vibration acceleration is 0.34 g, the corresponding vibration velocity is 17.55 cm / s, but the safety reserve should be kept more than 3 times. In other words, in the process of blasting, the vibration intensity of blasting should be controlled so that the vibration intensity of tailing dam body is less than 0.11g and the vibration velocity should be less than 5.85 cm / s.
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TV649;X936

【参考文献】