环氧乙烷装置的危害辨识及风险控制措施研究
发布时间:2018-05-11 01:44
本文选题:环氧乙烷装置 + 危险与可操作性理念 ; 参考:《中国石油大学(华东)》2013年硕士论文
【摘要】:环氧乙烷是乙烯衍生物中非常重要的有机化工产品,环氧乙烷的生产以及市场消费和价格走势已经成为影响当今国内外非离子表面活性剂及环氧乙烷衍生精细化工产业发展的重要因素据统计,环氧乙烷是乙烯衍生物中仅次于聚乙烯和聚氯乙烯的第三大重要有机化工产品。 环氧乙烷工艺复杂程度高,危险物质高,带来了很多潜在的风险,为了制定合理安全措施,降低环氧乙烷装置的风险,从目前环氧乙烷技术研究进展和我国环氧乙烷装置的应用概况着手,通过危险与可操作性分析方法(HAZOP)等相关的风险辨识方法对装置存在的主要风险进行辨识,并应用目前较为流行并被广泛认可的PHAST、ALOHA等软件模拟和保护层分析(LOPA)分析等方法,得出了针对环氧乙烷装置内危险物质及不同工艺节点所应采取的主要风险控制措施。主要内容包括: 1、辨识环氧乙烷装置的主要风险,首先对环氧乙烷装置生产过程中涉及到的各种物料进行物质危险分析,采用危险与可操作性分析方法(HAZOP)的理念系统的辨识环氧乙烷装置的主要工艺潜在风险,并对潜在风险进行原因和后果分析,最终得出总结出27条主要风险; 2、确定环氧乙烷装置主要潜在风险的风险等级:采用概率估算法对各潜在风险进行事故概率计算。对于后果严重的事故场景,采用PHAST和ALOHA软件进行事故后果模拟,并以火球热辐射值、爆炸冲击波等限值对事故后果进行量化,实现事故后果的定量化分级,最后利用风险矩阵法确定各个风险的等级; 3、针对可能的并且影响较大的事故场景(二级风险),通过保护层分析(LOPA)确定应采取的保护措施,并对采取保护措施的工艺过程进行再次分析,得出所采取保护措施的有效性,最终提出针对环氧乙烷装置不同工艺节点所应采取的41条主要风险控制措施,其中,反应系统、EO吸收和EO精制系统控制措施较多,,应重点关注,研究结论对现场工作有很好的指导意义。
[Abstract]:Ethylene oxide is a very important organic chemical product in ethylene derivatives. The production of ethylene oxide and the trend of market consumption and price have become important factors influencing the development of Nonionic surfactants and ethylene oxide derived fine chemical industry at home and abroad. Ethylene oxide is the third most important organic chemical product in ethylene derivatives after polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride. The ethylene oxide process is highly complex and hazardous, which brings many potential risks. In order to develop reasonable safety measures to reduce the risk of ethylene oxide plant, Based on the current research progress of ethylene oxide technology and the application of ethylene oxide plant in China, the main risks of the plant are identified by the hazard and operability analysis method (HAZOP) and other related risk identification methods. The main risk control measures for hazardous substances and different process nodes in ethylene oxide plant were obtained by using popular and widely accepted software simulation and protective layer analysis method such as PHASTOHA and so on. The main elements include: 1. Identify the main risks of ethylene oxide plant. Firstly, analyze the materials involved in the production of ethylene oxide plant. The main process potential risks of ethylene oxide plant are identified by using the method of hazard and maneuverability analysis (HAZOPO), and the causes and consequences of the potential risks are analyzed, and 27 main risks are concluded. 2. Determine the risk grade of the main potential risks of ethylene oxide plant: the probability estimation method is used to calculate the accident probability of each potential risk. For the serious accident scene, PHAST and ALOHA software are used to simulate the accident consequence, and the limit values of the fireball heat radiation and explosion shock wave are used to quantify the accident consequence, and the quantitative classification of the accident consequence is realized. Finally, the risk matrix method is used to determine the grade of each risk. 3. In view of the possible and influential accident scenarios (secondary risk, protection layer analysis, Lopa), the protective measures should be determined, and the process of adopting protective measures is analyzed again, and the effectiveness of the protective measures is obtained. Finally, 41 main risk control measures for different process nodes of ethylene oxide plant are put forward. Among them, there are many control measures for EO absorption and EO refining system in the reaction system, which should be paid more attention to. The conclusion of the study is of great significance to the field work.
【学位授予单位】:中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2013
【分类号】:TQ223.26;TQ086
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