石化装置事故统计及风险控制系统开发

发布时间：2018-05-11 07:24

本文选题：石化装置 + 事故统计　；参考：《中国石油大学（华东）》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：石化行业的生产安全，不仅关系着国民经济的发展，而且与人们的生命和财产安全息息相关。石油化工能否安全生产，装置安全起决定性作用。石化装置结构复杂，工作环境恶劣并且生产介质一般具有很高的危险性，因此在生产过程中具有较高的事故发生率。在计算机技术日益发达的今天，国内外石化企业越来越重视风险控制软件在石化生产中的应用。以此为背景，本课题的主要目的是开发一个集石化装置事故统计和风险控制功能于一体的软件系统，以降低石化装置的事故发生率和减少事故损失。本文调研了国内外大量与石化装置风险控制和装置事故统计相关的文献。在此基础之上，以现有国内外风险控制软件为参考，为满足石化装置风险控制的需求，设计并完成了石化装置风险控制软件，并结合数据库相关知识设计出合理的数据库结构。本软件系统共分为系统管理、装置信息、安全评价、安全教育和事故案例五大模块。事故案例模块以其他行业的事故数据库模式为参考，，并结合石化装置的特点，确定了适合石化装置的事故分类方法和事故统计形式。为了使风险辨识更有条理性，石化装置信息采用工艺流程图和设备详细信息相结合的展现形式，其中设备的详细信息包括操作条件、介质、隐患和曾发生的事故案例等。安全评价模块在最常用的两种评价方法(危险度评价法、道化学火灾爆炸危险指数评价法)和三种事故后果模拟模型(池火灾模型、沸腾液体扩展蒸汽爆炸模型和蒸汽云爆炸模型)的基础之上，优化了评价方法，确定了合理的事故后果模拟模型。安全教育模块主要是生产中涉及到的法律法规、标准规范和典型事故案例视频。由于催化裂化装置是石油化工装置中的骨干装置，本文特选取催化裂化装置作为典型实例对软件的功能和作用进行了测试和评价，并取得了良好的效果。证明该软件系统能够对石化生产装置进行合理的风险辨识和安全评价，从而较大限度的降低装置事故发生率，减少损失，保障石化装置的安全运行。
[Abstract]:The production safety of petrochemical industry is not only related to the development of national economy, but also closely related to people's life and property safety. The safety of plant plays a decisive role in the safety of petrochemical industry. Petrochemical plant has complex structure, bad working environment and high risk of production medium, so it has a high accident rate in production process. With the development of computer technology, domestic and foreign petrochemical enterprises pay more and more attention to the application of risk control software in petrochemical production. Under this background, the main purpose of this paper is to develop a software system which integrates the functions of accident statistics and risk control in petrochemical plant, in order to reduce the accident rate and reduce the accident loss of petrochemical plant. In this paper, a large number of literatures related to petrochemical plant risk control and plant accident statistics have been investigated at home and abroad. On this basis, taking the existing risk control software at home and abroad as a reference, to meet the demand of petrochemical plant risk control, a petrochemical unit risk control software is designed and completed, and a reasonable database structure is designed by combining the relevant knowledge of database. The software system is divided into five modules: system management, installation information, safety evaluation, safety education and accident cases. Based on the accident database model of other industries and the characteristics of petrochemical units, the accident classification method and accident statistical form suitable for petrochemical units are determined in the accident case module. In order to make risk identification more orderly, petrochemical plant information is presented in combination of process flow chart and equipment detail information, including operating conditions, medium, hidden trouble and accident cases. Safety assessment module in the most common two evaluation methods (hazard assessment method, road chemical fire explosion risk index evaluation method) and three accident consequences simulation model (pool fire model), Based on the expanded steam explosion model and cloud explosion model of boiling liquid, the evaluation method is optimized and a reasonable simulation model of accident consequence is established. Safety education module is mainly involved in the production of laws and regulations, standards and typical accident cases video. Since the FCC unit is the backbone of the petrochemical unit, this paper selected the FCC unit as a typical example to test and evaluate the function and function of the software, and achieved good results. It is proved that the software system can carry out reasonable risk identification and safety evaluation of petrochemical production units, thus greatly reducing the accident rate, reducing losses and ensuring the safe operation of petrochemical plants.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学（华东）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TQ086;TE65

【参考文献】