基于规则DEM的地形识别及路径规划研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 05:11

本文选题：DEM + 地形识别　；参考：《桂林电子科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在灾害救援过程中,为保证救援效率,缩短抵达时间并便于开展救灾工作,需要在受灾点周围选择一块平坦区域作为工作场地,并在受灾点和平坦区域间规划合理的救援路线。尽管借助电子地图如百度、高德地图等可以方便地搜索路线,但灾害可能会毁坏道路,且一些偏远地区的电子地图也并不完善,这使得电子地图无法提供合适的路线。此时,以数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,DEM)为依据,找到一条新的通行路线是救援的关键。针对上述问题,本文基于DEM数据,在研究现有的平坦区域查找和寻路算法的基础上,针对灾害救援中的区域选择和路径规划需求,结合了地形识别、A*寻路算法和地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS),提出了一种平坦区域的查找算法和一种基于DEM数据的A*寻路算法,并依托NASA发布的World Wind数字地球的Java版本作为二次开发的平台,设计并实现了救援工作开展区域选择及救援路径规划软件。主要工作如下:(1)针对平坦区域查找的问题,提出利用0/1矩阵的最大全1子矩阵查找算法解决。其思路是首先采用坡度或高程标准差运算对感兴趣区(Region Of Interest,ROI)中的DEM数据进行地形平坦度计算,再通过给定的阈值生成与规则网格DEM数据对应的0/1矩阵,最后通过查找0/1矩阵的最大全1子矩阵实现平坦区域的查找。(2)针对路径规划的问题,提出一种基于规则网格DEM数据的A*寻路新算法,以距离与坡度作为评价函数中的指标,通过对评价函数的设计,一方面消除距离与坡度不同量纲带来的影响,另一方面满足一个约束条件即:路径中的坡度不应超过救援设备(车辆)或救援人员的最大爬坡能力,在此前提下,救援路径的距离应当尽可能短。在此基础上,设计了基于分辨率的完备性函数g(n)的动态计算模型;并进一步构建了基于坡度和距离的启发性函数h(n)。仿真测试结果表明,新构建的A*算法在庞大的DEM数据中能够快速搜索出一条合适的路径,具有较高的搜索效率。(3)基于World Wind开发平台,针对灾害救援需求设计和实现了灾害救援规划软件原型,该软件功能包括数据处理、基于0/1矩阵的平坦区域选择、基于设计的新A*算法的路线搜索、以及搜索的区域和路径在数字地球中以3D的形式显示等功能。
[Abstract]:In the process of disaster rescue, in order to ensure the efficiency of rescue, shorten the arrival time and facilitate the disaster relief work, it is necessary to select a flat area around the disaster site as the work site, and to plan a reasonable rescue route between the disaster spot and the flat area. Although electronic maps such as Baidu and Amap can be used to easily search for routes, disasters may destroy roads and some remote areas may not be able to provide the right route because of their imperfections. On the basis of Digital Elevation Model (DEM), finding a new route is the key to rescue. In view of the above problems, based on the DEM data, based on the existing flat area search and path finding algorithm, this paper aims at the needs of regional selection and path planning in disaster relief. In this paper, a flat region search algorithm and an A * path finding algorithm based on DEM data are proposed by combining terrain recognition algorithm with Geographic Information system. Based on the Java version of World Wind Digital Earth released by NASA as the secondary development platform, the software of region selection and rescue path planning for rescue work is designed and implemented. The main work is as follows: (1) to solve the problem of flat region search, we propose to solve the problem by using the maximum total 1 submatrix of 0 / 1 matrix. The idea is to calculate the terrain flatness of the DEM data in the region of interest by using the slope or elevation standard deviation operation, and then to generate the 0 / 1 matrix corresponding to the regular grid DEM data by the given threshold. Finally, to solve the problem of path planning, a new path finding algorithm based on regular grid DEM data is proposed, in which distance and slope are used as indexes in evaluation function. Through the design of evaluation function, on the one hand, the influence of different dimensions of distance and slope is eliminated, on the other hand, a constraint condition is satisfied: the slope in the path should not exceed the maximum climbing ability of rescue equipment (vehicle) or rescuer. On this premise, the distance of the rescue route should be as short as possible. On this basis, the dynamic computing model of completeness function based on resolution is designed, and the heuristic function based on slope and distance is constructed The simulation results show that the newly constructed A * algorithm can quickly search a suitable path in the huge DEM data, and has a higher searching efficiency. It is based on the World Wind development platform. The software prototype of disaster relief planning is designed and implemented for disaster relief needs. The functions of the software include data processing, flat area selection based on 0 / 1 matrix, route search based on the new A* algorithm. And search areas and paths in digital Earth in the form of 3D display and other functions.
【学位授予单位】：桂林电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X4;P208

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