中国GBZ2.1与德国MAK工作场所化学有害因素职业接触限值比较研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 09:26

本文选题：中国GBZ. + 德国MAK　；参考：《中国安全生产科学技术》2017年04期

【摘要】：系统比较中国现行职业接触限值标准GBZ2.1-2007与德国职业接触限值MAK在定义、制定原则和具体数值方面的差异,为中国GBZ2.1的修订提供建议和依据。将GBZ2.1中规定的OELs与德国MAK于2015年公布的化学有害因素OELs,按不同类型建立比较分析数据库,并进行比较分析,分析结果表明:中德2国在职业接触限值的制定原则,化学有害因素的来源、数量与标识等方面有显著差异。因此,我国应加强对化学性有害因素孕期毒性接触限值的研究和应用。中德在选择化学性有害因素制定OELs时各有侧重,我国在重金属方面制定的OELs,如:钴、钼、铍、铊等,是德国MAK以及美国ACGIH中所未有的,而德国则不再为致癌物质制定OELs。中、德均制定有OELs的化学性有害因素在数值上差异较大,中国有部分OELs同时高于德国MAK和美国ACGIH。我国的职业接触限值更新频率较慢,应缩短OELs更新周期,在对现行的GBZ2.1进行制修订时,可将发达国家OELs作为1项参考。德国风险分级评估方法对致癌物质的管理和评估值得进一步探讨及研究。
[Abstract]:This paper systematically compares the differences between the current occupational exposure limit standard (GBZ2.1-2007) in China and the occupational exposure limit value (MAK) in Germany in terms of definition, formulation principles and specific values, and provides suggestions and basis for the revision of GBZ2.1 in China. The OELs specified in GBZ2.1 and the chemical harmful factors published by MAK in Germany in 2015 were used to establish a comparative analysis database according to different types. The results showed that the two countries should establish the principle of occupational exposure limit. There are significant differences in source, quantity and label of chemical harmful factors. Therefore, our country should strengthen the study and application of toxic exposure limit of chemical harmful factors during pregnancy. China and Germany have their own emphases in choosing chemical harmful factors to make OELs. The OELsof heavy metals in China, such as cobalt, molybdenum, beryllium, thallium and so on, are not found in MAK of Germany and ACGIH in the United States, but they are no longer made for carcinogens in Germany. Some of the OELs in China are higher than MAK in Germany and ACGIH in the United States. The renewal frequency of occupational exposure limit in China is relatively slow, so the renewal cycle of OELs should be shortened. In the revision of the current GBZ2.1 system, the developed country's OELs can be taken as a reference. The management and evaluation of carcinogens by risk classification in Germany is worth further study.
【作者单位】：湖南省职业病防治院;中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生所;
【基金】：公益性行业科研专项项目(201402021) 2012年职业卫生标准修订计划项目重点专项(20120201)
【分类号】：R134.4

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